Traumatic Injuries of the Parotid Gland and Duct.

This review will focus on the key steps in the recognition of parotid gland and duct injuries focusing on the important steps needed at the initial assessment. Management planning is presented in the way that trauma surgeons interact with patients, highlighting the important parts of the informed consent conversation followed by the key information that must be communicated to the anesthesia and operating room teams, which ensures proper monitoring and equipment needs are in place. Short-term and long-term outcomes for patients with persistent sequelae of the trauma and their management are reviewed.

The Rare Presentation of Multiple Chondroid Syringomas in One Patient: A Case Report.

Chondroid syringomas are rare, benign tumors originating from sweat glands occurring as singular lesions of the head and neck. This case report presents a patient in whom multiple chondroid syringoma lesions were found. Thus illuminating the possibility for such occurrences in the future of which physicians should be aware.

Postoperative Complications After Total Thyroidectomy for Patients With Graves' Disease.

Objective: To identify the rates and types of postoperative complications in patients with and without Graves' disease undergoing total thyroidectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: All hospitals participating in NSQIP from 2007 to 2017.

Cdc42 Mediates Cancer Cell Chemotaxis in Perineural Invasion.

Perineural invasion (PNI) is an ominous form of cancer progression along nerves associated with poor clinical outcome. Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) interacts with cancer cell RET receptors to enable PNI, but downstream events remain undefined. We demonstrate that GDNF leads to early activation of the GTPase Cdc42 in pancreatic cancer cells, but only delayed activation of RhoA and does not affect Rac1.