Salinity stress in the black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron.

Physiological and morphological acclimation capacities of black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron were studied from fish to gill cell level when fish are maintained in freshwater, seawater, and hypersaline conditions. Fish osmoregulatory capacity, gill ionocyte morphology, osmo-respiratory compromise, O consumption rate, branchial antioxidative defense, and cell apoptosis were considered. Captive juvenile tilapias were maintained in controlled freshwater conditions (FW: 0.