Twenty-Year Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence and Incidence in Voluntary Blood Donors in Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share common risk factors. The parallel description of their frequency over time may help capture their similarities and differences.

Methods: Using data from the National Transfusion Center of Abidjan, we estimated the following over a 20-year period: (1) the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity at first contact; and (2) the incidence of HIV and HBsAg seroconversion in negative first-time blood donors.

Effect of isoniazid preventive therapy on risk of death in west African, HIV-infected adults with high CD4 cell counts: long-term follow-up of the Temprano ANRS 12136 trial.

Background: Temprano ANRS 12136 was a factorial 2 × 2 trial that assessed the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART; ie, in patients who had not reached the CD4 cell count threshold used to recommend starting ART, as per the WHO guidelines that were the standard during the study period) and 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in HIV-infected adults in Côte d'Ivoire. Early ART and IPT were shown to independently reduce the risk of severe morbidity at 30 months. Here, we present the efficacy of IPT in reducing mortality from the long-term follow-up of Temprano.

A Trial of Early Antiretrovirals and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Africa.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis is high. We conducted a trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design to assess the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART), 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), or both among HIV-infected adults with high CD4+ cell counts in Ivory Coast.

Methods: We included participants who had HIV type 1 infection and a CD4+ count of less than 800 cells per cubic millimeter and who met no criteria for starting ART according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

Prevalence and virological profiles of hepatitis B infection in human immunodeficiency virus patients.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with CD4+ T-cell count less than 500/mm(3) and without antiretroviral therapy; to describe different HBV-HIV coinfection virological profiles; and to search for factors associated with HBs antigen (HBsAg) presence in these HIV positive patients.

Methods: During four months (June through September 2006), 491 patients were received in four HIV positive monitoring clinical centers in Abidjan.

Inclusion Criteria: HIV-1 or HIV-1 and 2 positive patients, age ≥ 18 years, CD4+ T-cell count < 500/mL and formal and signed consent of the patient.

Occult HBV infection in untreated HIV-infected adults in Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: In countries with high rates of chronic HBV, the World Health Organization recommends screening all HIV-infected adults for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) before initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), and starting HIV-HBV-coinfected patients on regimens containing lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Here, we estimated the prevalence of untreated HIV-infected adults with negative serum HBsAg and detectable plasma HBV DNA in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey.

Scaling up antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children in Côte d'Ivoire: determinants of survival and loss to programme.

Objective: To investigate deaths and losses to follow-up in a programme designed to scale up antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected children in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: Between 2004 and 2007, HIV-exposed children at 19 centres were offered free HIV serum tests (polymerase chain reaction tests in those aged < 18 months) and ART. Computerized monitoring was used to determine: (i) the number of confirmed HIV infections, (ii) losses to the programme (i.

Antiretroviral treatment changes in adults from Côte d'Ivoire: the roles of tuberculosis and pregnancy.

Objective: To determine the rates and causes of first antiretroviral treatment changes in HIV-infected adults in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: We evaluated adults who initiated antiretroviral treatment in an outpatient clinic in Abidjan. We recorded baseline and follow-up data, including drug prescriptions and reasons for changing to alternative first-line regimens (drug substitution for any reason but failure) or second-line regimens (switch for failure).

Tolerance and viral resistance after single-dose nevirapine with tenofovir and emtricitabine to prevent vertical transmission of HIV-1.

Objective: Viral resistance occurs with high frequency after single-dose nevirapine. We aimed to evaluate the safety and resistance profiles of a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their newborns.

Design: An open-label phase I/II trial in Côte d'Ivoire, Cambodia and South Africa.

Maternal 12-month response to antiretroviral therapy following prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV type 1, Ivory Coast, 2003-2006.

Objective: Our aim was to study the response to antiretroviral treatment among women exposed to single-dose nevirapine (NVP) and/or short-course zidovudine (ZDV; with or without lamivudine [3TC]) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods: All HIV type 1-infected women who initiated antiretroviral treatment with stavudine or ZDV, 3TC, and NVP or efavirenz were eligible for the MTCT-Plus program in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Exposed women had received either single-dose NVP alone or short-course ZDV (with or without 3TC) plus single-dose NVP during previous pregnancy.

Impact of opportunistic diseases on chronic mortality in HIV-infected adults in Côte d'Ivoire.

Objective: To estimate incidence rates of opportunistic diseases (ODs) and mortality for patients with and without a history of OD among HIV-infected patients in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: Using incidence density analysis, we estimated rates of ODs and chronic mortality by CD4 count in patients in a cotrimoxazole prophylaxis trial in Abidjan before the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Chronic mortality was defined as death without a history of OD or death more than 30 days after an OD diagnosis.

[Compliance in HIV infected adults. Study of opportunistic infection prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole in Ivory Coast].

Background: The compliance to a daily treatment for illimited duration and the factors that influence it have been rarely studied in sub-Saharian Africa.

Objective: Describe the compliance to prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole fort (one tablet per day) and its associated factors in patients infected by HIV participating in a clinical trial in Abidjan.

Method: The tablets packed in individual blisters were provided every month, and the blisters were recuperated the following month.

Impact of vital status investigation procedures on estimates of survival in cohorts of HIV-infected patients from Sub-Saharan Africa.

In HIV cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa, documenting vital status of patients lost to follow-up is a major challenge. The effect of specific vital status investigation procedures (VSIPs) on the number of known deaths has never been shown. We assessed the effects of VSIP on survival estimates in a 4-year prospective cohort study in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Medium-term survival, morbidity and immunovirological evolution in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Objectives: To evaluate survival, morbidity, and CD4 and viral load (VL) evolution in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Côte d'Ivoire.

Methods: Since 1996, 723 HIV-infected adults have been followed up in the ANRS 1203 cohort study in Abidjan. For those patients who received ART, we describe data between ART initiation and August 2002.

Pattern of bacterial diseases in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: WHO/UNAIDS recommended that cotrimoxazole should be prescribed in Africa in HIV-infected adults with CD4 cell counts < 500 x 10 /l, while closely monitoring bacterial diseases in as many settings as possible.

Methods: Prospective cohort study, describing bacterial morbidity in adults receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (960 mg daily) between April 1996 and June 2000 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Results: Four-hundred and forty-eight adults (median baseline CD4 cell count 251 x 10 /l) were followed for a median time of 26 months.

[Bacillary angiomatosis in an adult infected with HIV-1 at an early stage of immunodepression in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire].

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated bacillary angiomatosis has rarely been described in Africa. We report here the first case in Côte d'Ivoire. Although in industrialised countries bacillary angiomatosis has been described in patients with low CD4 count, this episode occurred in the first year following HIV-seroconversion in an adult patient with more than 500 CD4 cells per cubic millimetre.

[Spontaneous ascitic infection in cirrhotic Africans. Descriptive study apropos of 12 cases].

Background: Spontaneous ascitic infection (SAI) is a frequent and serious complication of cirrhosis.

Objective: In a retrospective study, the authors report clinical and biological data associated with SAI for cirrhotic patients in an African medical centre.

Methods: Twenty-two cirrhotic patients with ascites were included in a one-year study (November 1996 to October 1997).

[Causes of fever in adults infected by HIV-1. Ambulatory follow-up in the ANRS 059 trial in Abidjan, Ivory Coast].

Objective: Describe the causes of fever in HIV-1 infected adults in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Methods: Exhaustive analysis of all the morbid episodes with raise in temperature to above 37.5 degrees C in patients followed-up prospectively, within the framework of the ANRS 059 study from April 1996 to March 1998.

HIV-1-related morbidity in adults, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a nidus for bacterial diseases.

We studied mortality and morbidity in 270 HIV-1-infected adults (60% women, median age 31 years, mean baseline CD4 count 331/mm(3) ) observed in a follow-up that lasted a median 10 months in Côte d'Ivoire. Survival and probability of remaining free from any episode of morbidity at 12 months were 0.80 and 0.

Prognostic value of cross-sectional anthropometric indices on short-term risk of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

In sub-Saharan Africa where weight loss is very difficult to estimate, cross-sectional anthropometric indicators could be useful to predict human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated mortality. The study objective was to look for threshold values of baseline body mass index, arm muscle circumference, and fat mass to predict the risk of death in HIV-infected adults included in a 1996-1998 trial of early cotrimoxazole chemoprophylaxis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (COTRIMO-CI-ANRS 059 trial). The authors graphically determined if consecutive anthropometric categories with the closest hazards ratios of the risk of death could be clustered to obtain a unique threshold that distinctly separated two categories.

Effect of early chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole on nutritional status evolution in HIV-1-infected adults in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, malnutrition is a major complication of HIV disease. Measuring accurately the nutritional benefits of a therapeutic intervention could be an easy-to-monitor secondary outcome.

Methods: Anthropometric data were analysed from patients participating in a placebo-controlled trial of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in adults recruited at early stages of HIV-1 infection in Côte d'Ivoire (COTRIMO-CI ANRS 059 trial).

[Clinical, endoscopic and histologic aspects of chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis in Côte d'Ivoire: study of 102 patients].

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most frequent aetiological factor of chronic gastritis (CG). The relationship between H.

[Nutrition problems experienced by adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)].

Denutrition is frequent among HIV-infected (HIV+) adults in sub-Saharan Africa. One of the risk factors for denutrition is a reduction in dietary intake. Eating disorders may be partly responsible for such decreases in food intake.