An Unusual Case of Gastric Heterotopia Presenting as Rectal Prolapse.

Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) involving the rectum is an uncommon finding. It is especially rare in young children. Rectal prolapse is an uncommon presentation of HGM.

Synergistic protection of combined probiotic conditioned media against neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis-like intestinal injury.

Balance among the complex interactions of the gut microbial community is important for intestinal health. Probiotic bacteria can improve bacterial balance and have been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening inflammatory bowel disorder primarily affecting premature infants.

Nutritional deficiencies in intestinal failure.

Intestinal failure (IF) is the ultimate malabsorption state, with multiple causes, requiring long-term therapy with enteral or intravenous fluids and nutrient supplements. The primary goal during management of children with potentially reversible IF is to promote intestinal autonomy while supporting normal growth, nutrient status, and preventing complications from parenteral nutrition therapy. This article presents how an improved understanding of digestive pathophysiology is essential for diagnosis, successful management, and prevention of nutrient deficiencies in children with IF.