Differential expression of six cytokines in Rattus rattus exposed to leptospirosis: A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis.

Background: Rattus rattus are the main carriers of various zoonotic diseases including leptospirosis. Regrettably, information underlying the cytokine response of wild R. rattus upon leptospirosis infection is lacking.

Exploring the transcription start sites and other genomic features facilitates the accurate identification and annotation of small RNAs across multiple stress conditions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a pathogen that is known for its ability to persist in harsh environments and cause chronic infections. Understanding the regulatory networks of MTB is crucial for developing effective treatments. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in gene expression regulation in all kingdoms of life, and their classification based solely on genomic location can be imprecise due to the computational-based prediction of protein-coding genes in bacteria, which often neglects segments of mRNA such as 5'UTRs, 3'UTRs, and intercistronic regions of operons.

Identification and analysis of immunoreactive proteins of in human sera and stool specimens.

Background: The method currently available to diagnose shigellosis is insensitive and has many limitations. Thus, this study was designed to identify specific antigenic protein(s) among the cell surface associated proteins (SAPs) of that would be valuable in the development of an alternative diagnostic assay for shigellosis, particularly one that could be run using a stool sample rather than serum.

Methods: The SAPs of clinical isolates of S.

Exposure of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin in vitro resulting in the development of resistance and triggers metabolic reprogramming associated with virulence and pathogenicity.

In H. pylori infection, antibiotic-resistance is one of the most common causes of treatment failure. Bacterial metabolic activities, such as energy production, bacterial growth, cell wall construction, and cell-cell communication, all play important roles in antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.

COSMO-RS-based assessment of thermodynamic tools in predicting the polar and non-polar solvents efficiency in vegetable oil extraction.

Context: One of the prevalent methods for evaluating separation performance is to predict the interactions of solvent and solute molecules. The infinite dilution activity coefficient, Gibbs free energy, and sigma profiles provided insights into the solubilization of a solute and revealed the intensity of the solution's molecular interactions. The effective thermodynamic tools (infinite dilution activity coefficient, Gibbs free energy) were evaluated for predicting the efficiency of 18 polar and non-polar organic solvents in rubber seed oil (RSO) extraction.

Extraction of Pyrrole from Its Mixture with -Hexadecane Using Ionic Liquids and Their Binary Mixtures.

The conventional hydrodenitrogenation method is expensive and involves the use of catalysts and harsh procedures. In the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained attention as a promising alternative solvent for fuel oil extractive denitrogenation. In this work, the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to screen 173 potential ILs as solvents for fuel oil.

genotyping of blood group alleles using WGS data: a comparative study of the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia.

Differences in the distribution of RBC antigens defining the blood group types among different populations have been well established. Fewer studies exist that have explored the blood group profiles of indigenous populations worldwide. With the availability of population-scale genomic datasets, we have explored the blood group profiles of theOrang Aslis, who are the indigenous population in Peninsular Malaysia and provide a systematic comparison of the same with major global population datasets.

A numerical investigation of mathematical modelling in 3D hexagonal porous prism on oil recovery using nanoflooding.

The use of nanomaterials as a means of recovering heavy and light oil from petroleum reservoirs has increased over the preceding twenty years. Most researchers have found that injecting a nanoparticle dispersion (nanofluids) has led to good results and increased the amount of oil that can be recovered. In this research, we aim to imitate the three-dimensional hexagonal prism in the existence of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles for better oil recovery.

Exploration of the diversity of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Lagos, Nigeria using WGS: Distribution of lineages, drug resistance patterns and genetic mutations.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis (TB) is a major challenge to global TB control. Therefore, accurate tracing of in-country MDR-TB transmission are crucial for the development of optimal TB management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of MTBC in Nigeria.

Kratom (M. speciosa) exposure during adolescence caused long-lasting cognitive behavioural deficits associated with perturbated brain metabolism pathways in adult rats.

Kratom (M. speciosa Korth) is an herbal plant native to Southeast Asia. The leaves have been widely used to alleviate pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Adolescent kratom exposure affects cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period during which exposure to psychoactive substances like kratom () can cause long-lasting deleterious effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of mitragynine, the main alkaloid of kratom, and lyophilised kratom decoction (LKD) on cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in adolescent rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Postnatal day, PND31) were given vehicle, morphine (5 mg/kg), mitragynine (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg), or LKD (equivalent dose of 30 mg/kg mitragynine) for 15 consecutive days.

SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Malaysia: displacement of B.1.617.2 with AY lineages as the dominant Delta variants and the introduction of Omicron during the fourth epidemic wave.

Objectives: This study reported SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing results from June 2021 to January 2022 from seven genome sequencing centers in Malaysia as part of the national surveillance program.

Methods: COVID-19 samples that tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and with cycle threshold values <30 were obtained throughout Malaysia. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes was performed using Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, or Ion Torrent platforms.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Diarrheagenic in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Diarrheagenic (DEC) is an important bacterial agent for diarrhea in infants, children, and international travelers, and accounts for more than 30% of diarrheal cases in children less than 5 years old. However, the choices of antimicrobial agents are now being limited by the ineffectiveness of many first-line drugs, in relation to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains.

Structural Insights into Substrate Binding and Antibiotic Inhibition of Enterobacterial Penicillin-Binding Protein 6.

remains the second most common cause of shigellosis in young children and is now increasingly dominant across developing countries. The global emergence of drug resistance has become a main burden in the treatment of infections and β-lactam antibiotics, such as pivmecillinam and ceftriaxone, are recommended to be used as second-line treatment. They work by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls, in which the final transpeptidation step is facilitated by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).

Separation of Benzene and Cyclohexane Using Eutectic Solvents with Aromatic Structure.

The separation of benzene and cyclohexane is a challenging process in the petrochemical industry, mainly because of their close boiling points. Extractive separation of the benzene-cyclohexane mixture has been shown to be feasible, but it is important to find solvents with good extractive performance. In this work, 23 eutectic solvents (ESs) containing aromatic components were screened using the predictive COSMO-RS and their respective performance was compared with other solvents.

polymorphism and clinical factors that increase antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity is a known adverse effect of antituberculosis drugs. The gene polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDIH). This study investigates the association of polymorphism and clinical risk factors that may contribute to the development of ATDIH.

A systematic review on the cost effectiveness of pharmacogenomics in developing countries: implementation challenges.

The major challenges that delay the implementation of pharmacogenomics based clinical practice in the developing countries, primarily the low- and middle-income countries need to be recognized. This review was conducted to systematically review evidence of the cost-effectiveness for the conduct of pharmacogenomics testing in the developing countries. Studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics testing in the developing countries as defined by the United Nations were included in this study.

Immunogenicity mechanism of mRNA vaccines and their limitations in promoting adaptive protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, hundreds of millions of people have been infected worldwide. There have been unprecedented efforts in acquiring effective vaccines to confer protection against the disease. mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccines due to their high potency with the capacity for rapid development and low manufacturing costs.

Molecular Characterization of Human TMPRSS2 Protease Polymorphic Variants and Associated SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility.

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to challenge health care systems worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the cause of global pandemic. Type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) is important in the cell entry and spread of SARS-CoV-2 and plays a crucial role in the proteolytic cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein.

Insight of the mitochondrial genomes of the Orang Asli and Malays: The heterogeneity and the disease-associated variants.

Orang Asli are the oldest inhabitants in Peninsular Malaysia that forms as a national minority while the Malays are the majority. The study aimed to screen the mitochondrial genomes of the Orang Asli and the Malays to discover the disease-associated variants. A total of 99 Orang Asli from six tribes (Bateq, Cheq Wong, Orang Kanaq, Kensiu, Lanoh, and Semai) were recruited.

Pathogenic nsSNPs that increase the risks of cancers among the Orang Asli and Malays.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common genetic variations for various complex human diseases, including cancers. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous SNPs that increase cancer risks, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. These SNPs were cataloged for scientific use.

Discovery of polymethoxyflavones as potential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitors.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed to treat inflammatory-related diseases, pain and fever. However, the prolong use of traditional NSAIDs leads to undesirable side effects such as gastric, ulceration, and renal toxicity due to lack of selectivity toward respective targets for COX-2, 5-LOX, and PDE4B. Thus, targeting multiple sites can reduce these adverse effects of the drugs and increase its potency.