Sonographic evaluation of normal diaphragmatic thickness and excursion in Malaysia paediatric population: A single-institution cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Diaphragmatic dysfunction is often underdiagnosed as clinical presentation is non-specific and reference values for normal diaphragmatic excursion are inadequate. The rationale of this study is to provide a normal reference value of diaphragmatic excursion and thickness in Malaysia's paediatric population using M-mode sonography, as no previous local data are available to our knowledge.

Materials And Methods: A total of 119 healthy infants and children fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited.

Clinical and laboratory observation on immunoglobulin replacement therapy switching from an intravenous to a subcutaneous route in a Malaysian X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient.

We report a clinical and laboratory observation in a boy with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) who underwent an immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) via the subcutaneous route (IGSC) seven years after his IRT via intravenous route (IGIV). He was free of invasive infections when on IGIV but not the troublesome coughs a week before the next infusion. A switch to a subcutaneous route resulted in significant improvement of symptoms with good weight gain.

Sonographic nomogram of paediatric renal size in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM).

Introduction: A person's childhood is an important period of growth, and also one's most vulnerable, as one can be exposed to various pathologies, for example those that could affect the growth of one's kidney. Asians are physiologically different from Caucasians, and the nomogram renal size obtained from a Western population (mostly of Caucasians) is not be suitable for representing Asian children. As such a nomogram on paediatric renal size derived from Malaysia is needed.

Diagnostic challenge of Burkitt's lymphoma at early age.

A four-year-old Ibanese boy presented with subacute abdominal distension for two months duration. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan showed solid liver masses as well as bowel and intraperitoneal lesions. Initial diagnosis of intraperitoneal inflammatory process as in tuberculosis with non-liquefied liver abscess with differential diagnosis of neoplastic process was made.

Association of Cobb angle progression and neuraxial abnormality on MRI in asymptomatic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Detection of neuraxial abnormality in neurologically asymptomatic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is crucial prior to surgery. It can only be detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was not routinely done in this group of patient. On the other hand, whole spine radiographs for measurement of Cobb angle have been routinely included during clinic follow-up.

Renal doppler assessment in differentiating obstructive from non-obstructive hydronephrosis in children.

Background: to determine the usefulness of Doppler ultrasound measurement of resistive index (RI) in differentiating obstructive from non-obstructive hydronephrosis in children.

Methods: From August 2011 to November 2012, renal Doppler assessments of the intra-renal renal arteries were performed on 16 children (19 kidneys) with congenital hydronephrosis. the independent t-test was used to assess for significant difference in RI values between those with obstructive hydronephrosis (6 kidneys) and those with non-obstructive hydronephrosis (13 kidneys) as determined by dynamic renal scintigraphy.

Contrast enhanced Voiding Urosonography (ce-VUS) as a radiation-free technique in the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux: Our early experience.

Objective: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound has become increasingly utilised as an alternative imaging modality for the diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in paediatric patients. The study objective is to evaluate the efficacy of contrast enhanced Voiding Urosonography (ce-VUS) compared with fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography (MCU) in the detection of VUR.

Methods: This prospective study was carried out between July 2011 and January 2013 on paediatric patients who underwent MCU.

Precocious puberty in children: A review of imaging findings.

Objectives: This review was aimed at determining the imaging findings in patients with precocious puberty.

Results: Within a period of 8 years (from 2002 to 2010) there were 53 patients diagnosed with precocious puberty. Out of the 53 patients, 37 had undergone diagnostic imaging to detect the possible organic causes of precocious puberty.

Multimodality imaging in the assessment of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twin: lessons to learn.

Conjoined twins are rare and present a unique challenge to pediatric surgeons and radiologists. An imaging strategy to accurately define anatomic fusion, vascular anomalies, and other associated abnormalities is important for surgical planning and prognostic information. A conjoined female twin with a combined weight of 2.

Echocontrast cystosonography versus micturating cystourethrography in the detection of vesicoureteric reflux.

Purpose: To compare echocontrast cystosonography (ECS) using in-vivo agitated saline with fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography (MCU) in the detection and grading of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR).

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of 25 children, who had MCU between 2007 and 2009. ECS was performed and findings documented prior to MCU.