Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease in Asia.

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to increase to over half of the adult population by 2040 globally. Since the final diagnosis of NAFLD is made by a liver biopsy, several non-invasive approaches have been developed and validated to define NAFLD and evaluate NAFLD-associated diseases. Presently, NAFLD has been identified as an important and independent risk factor for developing several extrahepatic diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and dementia.

Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Real-World Data Analysis.

Background: Little is known about the adverse events (AEs) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This study used vaccine AE reporting system data to investigate severe AEs among vaccinated patients with T2DM. A natural language processing algorithm was applied to identify people with and without diabetes.

Relationship between drug targets and drug-signature networks: a network-based genome-wide landscape.

Drugs produce pharmaceutical and adverse effects that arise from the complex relationship between drug targets and signatures; by considering such relationships, we can begin to understand the cellular mechanisms of drugs. In this study, we selected 463 genes from the DSigDB database corresponding to targets and signatures for 382 FDA-approved drugs with both protein binding information for a drug-target score (KDTN, i.e.

Corrigendum: Computational modeling for antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation according to genotype.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.

Diagnostic Performance of Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Chest Computed Tomography, and Lung Point-of-Care-Ultrasonography for SARS-CoV-2 Compared with RT-PCR Testing: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: The comparative performance of various diagnostic methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of the 3 index test performances of rapid antigen diagnostic tests (RDTs), chest computed tomography (CT), and lung point-of-care-ultrasonography (US) with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the reference standard, to provide more evidence-based data on the appropriate use of these index tests. (2) Methods: We retrieved data from electronic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from 1 January 2020, to 1 April 2021.

Adverse Events and Safety Profile of the COVID-19 Vaccines in Adolescents: Safety Monitoring for Adverse Events Using Real-World Data.

A COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) has recently been authorized for adolescents in the US. However, the impact of adverse events on adolescents after vaccination has not been fully investigated. To assess the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents, the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in adolescents and adults was compared after vaccination.

The Safety of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 and JNJ-78436735 COVID-19 Vaccines: Safety Monitoring for Adverse Events Using Real-World Data.

Two mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (mRNA-1273, Moderna; and BNT162b2, Pfizer-BioNTech) and one viral vector vaccine (JNJ-78436735, Janssen/Johnson and Johnson) are authorized in the US to hinder COVID-19 infections. We analyzed severe and common adverse events in response to COVID-19 vaccines using real-world, Vaccine Adverse Effect Reporting System (VAERS) data. From 14 December 2020 to 30 September 2021, 481,172 (50.

Genome-wide association study-based prediction of atrial fibrillation using artificial intelligence.

Objective: We previously reported early-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) associated genetic loci among a Korean population. We explored whether the AF-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of an external large cohort has a prediction power for AF in Korean population through a convolutional neural network (CNN).

Methods: This study included 6358 subjects (872 cases, 5486 controls) from the Korean population GWAS data.

Association of Genetic Polymorphisms and Extra-Pulmonary Vein Triggers in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Who Underwent Catheter Ablation.

The gene (16q22) is the second most highly associated gene with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is related to inflammation and fibrosis. We hypothesized that is associated with extra-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers, left atrial (LA) structural remodeling, and poor rhythm outcomes of AF catheter ablation (AFCA). We included 1,782 patients who underwent a AFCA (73.

Computational Modeling for Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation According to Genotype.

The efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) can vary in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and the gene affects the responsiveness of AADs. We explored the virtual AAD (V-AAD) responses between wild-type and -deficient AF conditions by realistic AF modeling. We tested the V-AADs in AF modeling integrated with patients' 3D-computed tomography and 3D-electroanatomical mapping, acquired in 25 patients (68% male, 59.

Ethnic similarities in genetic polymorphisms associated with atrial fibrillation: Far East Asian vs European populations.

Background: In European ancestry, 111 genetic loci were identified as associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the reproducibility of those single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of Far East Asian populations.

Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of the Korean AF network and Japanese AF data sets (9118 cases and 33 467 controls) by an inverse-variance fixed-effects model.

A mendelian randomization analysis: The causal association between serum uric acid and atrial fibrillation.

Background: Observational studies have shown that high levels of serum uric acid (UA) were associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the causal effect of urate on the risk of AF is still unknown. To clarify the potential causal association between UA and AF, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic instrumental variables (IVs).

Potential causal association of a prolonged PR interval and clinical recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

A prolonged PR interval predicts atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation. We investigated the causal association between the PR interval and AF clinical recurrence by a Mendelian randomization. We prospectively included 1722 patients with AF (73.

Clinical relationship between anemia and atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation without genetic background.

Background: Anemia is a known adverse prognostic factor among patients with cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether the hemoglobin level was associated with the rhythm outcome after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (AFCA).

Methods: We included 2627 patients who underwent AFCA and a guidelines-based rhythm follow-up (age 58 ± 10.

Association of FUT2 and ABO with Crohn's disease in Koreans.

Background And Aim: Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) at 19q13 is a well-established susceptibility locus for Crohn's disease (CD) in Caucasians. FUT2 encodes α-1,2-fucosyltransferase that regulates the secretion of the α-1-2-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and α-1-3-galactosyltransferase (ABO) antigens in both the gastrointestinal mucosa and secretory glands. Given that CD is thought to arise from dysregulated mucosal immune responses to the gut flora and both the ABO blood group and the FUT2 secretor status affect the composition of the gut microbiota, the goal of this study was to evaluate the associations of variants of FUT2 and ABO with CD in Koreans.

Association of TRAP1 with infliximab-induced mucosal healing in Crohn's disease.

Background And Aim: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents, such as infliximab (IFX), have been increasingly used to induce and maintain disease remission in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Despite a considerable non-response rate, little is known about the genetic predictors of response to anti-TNF therapy in CD. Our aim in this study was to investigate the genetic factors associated with response to anti-TNF therapy in patients with CD.

Effects of smoking on the association of human leukocyte antigen with ulcerative colitis.

Background And Aim: Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for gastrointestinal disorders, causing mucosal damage and impairing immune responses. However, smoking has been found to be protective against ulcerative colitis (UC). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a major susceptibility locus for UC, and HLA-DRB1*15:02 has the strongest effect in Asians.

An Intergenic Variant rs9268877 Between HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB Contributes to the Clinical Course and Long-term Outcome of Ulcerative Colitis.

Background And Aims: The genetic contribution to the prognosis of ulcerative colitis [UC] is poorly understood, and most currently known susceptibility loci are not associated with prognosis. To identify genetic variants influencing the prognosis of UC, we performed an Immunochip-based study using an extreme phenotype approach.

Methods: Based on the finding that the only association, Pdiscovery-meta <1 × 10-4, was located in the human leukocyte antigen [HLA], we focused our analyses on the HLA region.

Immunochip Meta-Analysis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Identifies Three Novel Loci and Four Novel Associations in Previously Reported Loci.

Background And Aims: Recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies have identified over 241 inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility loci. However, the known variants only account for a fraction of inflammatory bowel disease heritability. To identify additional susceptibility loci, we performed a trans-ethnic meta-analysis as well as an Asian-specific meta-analysis, using all published Immunochip association results of inflammatory bowel disease.

Association of CDKN2A/CDKN2B with inflammatory bowel disease in Koreans.

Background And Aim: CDKN2A/CDKN2B locus on 9p21 is reported to be associated with various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Significant downregulation of CDKN2B-AS1 in inflamed colon tissue of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases was reported in Europeans. This study aimed to confirm the suggestive association of CDKN2A/CDKN2B with IBD identified in our recent genome-wide association study (GWAS).

X Chromosome-wide Association Study Identifies a Susceptibility Locus for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Koreans.

Background And Aims: Genome-wide association studies of inflammatory bowel disease identified > 200 susceptibility loci only in autosomes. This study aimed to identify inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility loci on the X chromosome.

Methods: We performed an X chromosome-wide association study in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Identification of Loci at 1q21 and 16q23 That Affect Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Koreans.

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified more than 200 regions that affect susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, identified common variants account for only a fraction of IBD heritability and largely have been identified in populations of European ancestry. We performed a genome-wide association study of susceptibility loci in Korean individuals, comprising a total of 1505 IBD patients and 4041 controls.