The effects of the Trendelenburg position and intrathoracic pressure on the subclavian cross-sectional area and distance from the subclavian vein to pleura in anesthetized patients.

Background: The effects of maneuvers to increase intrathoracic pressure and of Trendelenburg position on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the subclavian vein (SCV) and the relationship between the SCV and adjacent structures have not been investigated.

Methods: In ultrasonography-guided SCV catheterization (N = 30), the CSA of the SCV and the distance between the SCV and pleura (DSCV-pleura) were determined during 10-second airway opening, and 10-second positive inspiratory hold with 20 cm H2O in the supine position (S-0, and S-20) and the 10° Trendelenburg position (T-0, and T-20). In addition to a statistical significance of P < 0.

Characterization of a Test for Invasive Breast Cancer Using X-ray Diffraction of Hair-Results of a Clinical Trial.

Objective: To assess the performance of a test for breast cancer utilizing synchrotron x-ray diffraction analysis of scalp hair from women undergoing diagnostic radiology assessment.

Design And Setting: A double-blinded clinical trial of women who attended diagnostic radiology clinics in Australia.

Patients: 1796 women referred for diagnostic radiology, with no previous history of cancer.

Strategies for data collection and calibration with a pinhole-geometry SAXS instrument on a synchrotron beamline.

Undulator X-ray sources on third-generation synchrotrons have pushed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to the forefront of techniques in nanoscience and technology. With higher X-ray fluxes and improved focusing, it is usually the scattered intensity detector that places the most serious limitations on the overall capabilities of the instrument. Incorporating relatively simple components like point detectors, scattering standards, masking filters and in-line sample visualization into the flight tube of a pinhole-geometry SAXS camera can do much to mitigate these limitations.