Effects of Real-Time Feedback Methods on Static Balance Training in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of real-time feedback methods on static balance training in stroke patients. There are two types of real-time feedback methods, as follows: one is Knowledge of Result (KR), and the other is Knowledge of Performance (KP).

Method: Thirty stroke patients participated in this study and were randomly assigned to the KR group (n = 15) or the KP group (n = 15).

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 is associated with poor prognosis after curative resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer.

Purpose: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a key enzyme involved in the base excision repair pathway. It also has redox activity and maintains various transcription factors in an active reduced state. APE1 may be associated with chemoresistance.

Occupational Health Injuries by Job Characteristics and Working Environment among Street Cleaners in South Korea.

In 2018, 1822 incidents relating to death or injury occurred among street cleaners in South Korea. However, South Korea currently lacks comprehensive studies on related injuries based on street cleaners' job characteristics and environments in the country. This study analyzed injuries according to the job characteristics and environment through a survey of 150 Korean street cleaners working in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas.

Honokiol induces apoptosis and suppresses migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Honokiol, a natural biphenolic compound, exerts anticancer effects through a variety of mechanisms on multiple types of cancer with relatively low toxicity. Adenosine 5'‑phosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), an essential regulator of cellular homeostasis, may control cancer progression. The present study aimed to investigate whether the anticancer activities of honokiol in ovarian cancer cells were mediated through the activation of AMPK.

Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Elastase by Sesquiterpene Lactone Dimers from the Flowers of .

A new sesquiterpene lactone dimer , together with five known compounds , was isolated from the flowers of . The structures of these compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence. The inhibitory activities of these isolated compounds against human neutrophil elastase (HNE) were also evaluated in vitro; compounds and exhibited significant inhibitory effects against HNE activity, with IC values of 8.

Combination of pristimerin and paclitaxel additively induces autophagy in human breast cancer cells via ERK1/2 regulation.

Pristimerin, a quinonemethide triterpenoid, has demonstrated anticancer activity against a number of types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study investigated the autophagy‑induced anticancer efficacy of pristimerin on MDA‑MB‑231 human breast cancer cells.

A natural ent‑kaurane diterpenoid induces antiproliferation in ovarian cancer cells via ERK1/2 regulation and inhibition of cellular migration and invasion.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of female mortalities from gynecological tumors. An ent‑kaurane diterpenoid compound CRT1 (ent‑18‑acetoxy‑7β‑hydroxy kaur‑15‑oxo‑16‑ene), mainly isolated from the Vietnamese herb Croton tonkinesis has been used in folk medicine in Vietnam for cancer treatment. However, the effect of this compound on human ovarian cancer cells has not yet been reported.

Corosolic acid reduces 5‑FU chemoresistance in human gastric cancer cells by activating AMPK.

5‑Fluorouracil (5‑FU) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for gastric cancer. Resistance to 5‑FU‑based chemotherapy remains the major obstacle in the treatment of gastric cancer. A growing body of evidence has suggested that adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) is pivotal for chemoresistance.

Inhibitory effect of emodin on fatty acid synthase, colon cancer proliferation and apoptosis.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key anabolic enzyme for de novo fatty acid synthesis, which is important in the development of colon carcinoma. The high expression of FASN is considered a promising molecular target for colon cancer therapy. Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone, exhibits an anticancer effect in various types of human cancer, including colon cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.

Corosolic acid enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis against SNU-620 human gastric carcinoma cells by inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin.

5‑Fluorouracil (5‑FU), one of the oldest anticancer therapeutic agents, is increasingly being administered in cancer chemotherapy. In the present study, the anticancer effects of 5‑FU combined with corosolic acid (CRA) were determined in SNU‑620 human gastric carcinoma cells and the underlying mechanisms were examined. A combination treatment of 5‑FU and CRA inhibited the viability of cells additively.

Anticancer activity of pristimerin in epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive SKBR3 human breast cancer cells.

Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that causes cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of action for the cytotoxic effect of pristimerin has not been unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pristimerin on cytotoxicity using the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line.

An ent-kaurane diterpenoid from Croton tonkinensis induces apoptosis by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase in SK-HEP1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with high mortality worldwide. Traditional chemotherapy for HCC is not widely accepted by clinical practitioners because of its toxic side effects. Thus, there is a need to identify chemotherapeutic drugs against HCC.

Magnolol-induced apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells is associated with the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.

Colon cancer is the third most common malignancy around the world. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are generally used to treat colon cancer, but no effective therapy for advanced colon carcinoma is available. Therefore, there is a need to identify other therapeutic agents against this disease.

Fatty acid synthase inhibition by amentoflavone suppresses HER2/neu (erbB2) oncogene in SKBR3 human breast cancer cells.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of cancer and obesity, and is highly elevated in 30% of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. Considerable interest has developed in searching for novel FASN inhibitors as therapeutic agents in treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. Amentoflavone was found to be effective in suppressing FASN expression in HER2-positive SKBR3 cells.

Anticancer properties of pomolic acid-induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation in MCF7 human breast cancer cells.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes. Recent studies indicate that AMPK activation strongly suppresses cell proliferation in tumor cells, which requires high rates of protein synthesis and de novo fatty acid synthesis for their rapid growth. Pomolic acid (PA) has been previously described as being active in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.

Chrysophanic acid blocks proliferation of colon cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR/mTOR pathway.

Inactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prime method used in colon cancer therapy. Here it is shown that chrysophanic acid, a natural anthraquinone, has anticancer activity in EGFR-overexpressing SNU-C5 human colon cancer cells. Chrysophanic acid preferentially blocked proliferation in SNU-C5 cells but not in other cell lines (HT7, HT29, KM12C, SW480, HCT116 and SNU-C4) with low levels of EGFR expression.

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase on human gastric cancer cells by apoptosis induced by corosolic acid isolated from Weigela subsessilis.

Corosolic acid is one of the triterpenoids present in the leaves of Weigela subsessilis. The antidiabetic activity of corosolic acid has been reported previously, but to date, the anticancer effects on gastric cancer have been poorly studied. In this study, corosolic acid showed growth inhibition on SNU-601 human gastric cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 16.

Down-regulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu oncogene by corosolic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NCI-N87 human gastric cancer cells.

Overexpression/amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2/neu (erbB-2) oncogene plays a causal role in carcinogenesis and correlates with a poor clinical prognosis. However, little is known about HER2 in gastric cancer. In this study, we explored the pharmacological activities of natural triterpenoid corosolic acid (CRA) in HER2 signaling and its role in gastric cancer development and progression.

Fatty acid synthase inhibition by amentoflavone induces apoptosis and antiproliferation in human breast cancer cells.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is highly expressed in breast carcinomas to support their continuous growth and proliferation, but has low expression level in normal tissues. Considerable interest has been developed in searching for novel FASN inhibitors as a therapeutic target for breast cancer. In present study, amentoflavone was isolated from Selaginella tamariscina, a traditional oriental medicine that has been used to treat cancer for many years, and was found to significantly inhibit the in vitro enzymatic activity of FASN at concentrations above 50 microM.

Stimulation of glucose uptake by triterpenoids from Weigela subsessilis.

Four ursane-type triterpenoids, corosolic acid (1), ilekudinol B (2), ursolic acid (3) and pomolic acid (4), were isolated from an EtOAc-soluble extract of the leaves of Weigela subsessilis. These bioactive compounds were evaluated for their glucose uptake activity and produced moderate to strong enhancement both in basal- and insulin-stimulated L6 muscle cells. In particular, corosolic acid exhibited the most potent activity, increasing uptake by basal- and insulin-stimulated myotubes by 2.

Genistein-derivatives from Tetracera scandens stimulate glucose-uptake in L6 myotubes.

An EtOAc-soluble partition of the MeOH extract of a branch of Tetracera scandens (Dilleniaceae family) was subjected to a glucose-uptake assay, which led to the isolation and identification of five isoflavones of previously known structure namely, genistein (1), its derivatives 3',5'-diprenylgenistein (2), 6,8-diprenylgenistein (3), derrone (4) and alpinumisoflavone (5). Of these, compounds 2--5 exhibited significant glucose-uptake activity in basal and insulin-stimulated L6 myotubes. The findings from adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) activation and glucose transport protein4 (GLUT4) and GLUT1 over-expression revealed certain characteristics of compounds 2--5.

Anti-diabetic properties of chrysophanol and its glucoside from rhubarb rhizome.

An ethanol extract of rhubarb rhizome exhibited marked glucose transport activity in differentiated L6 rat myotubes. Activity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of two anthraquinones, chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and chrysophanol (2). The anti-diabetic effect was examined by glucose transport activity, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) expression in myotubes, and the level of insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine phosphorylation as influenced by tyrosine phosphatase 1B, each of which is a major target of diabetes treatment.

NF-kappaB inhibition enhances caspase-3 degradation of Akt1 and apoptosis in response to camptothecin.

DNA damaging agents, such as camptothecin, and ionizing radiation (IR), can induce both NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis, however, the mechanism of their inter-regulation is not yet clear. In the present study, we discovered that Akt1 is degraded when cells deficient in Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) were treated to CPT for apoptosis induction. While CPT-induced NF-kappaB activation could not be detected in ATM-deficient AT5BIVA cells, caspase-3 activation occurred and was even further enhanced by pretreatment with proteasome inhibitor-1 (Pro1), a NF-kappaB inhibitor.

Fatty acid synthase inhibitory activity of acylphloroglucinols isolated from Dryopteris crassirhizoma.

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is emerging as a potential therapeutic target to treat cancer and obesity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of a MeOH extract of the rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma (Dryopteridaceae), using an in vitro FAS inhibitory assay, resulted in the isolation of a series of acylphloroglucinols, as the active principles. The isolates 1-10 inhibited FAS with IC50 values ranging from 23.

Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava.

During a screening of medicinal plants for inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase1B (PTP1B), an extract from Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) leaves exhibited significant inhibitory effect on PTP1B. Thus, its antidiabetic effect on Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) mice was evaluated. Significant blood glucose lowering effects of the extract were observed after intraperitoneal injection of the extract at a dose of 10mg/kg in both 1- and 3-month-old Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) mice.