Difference of Parental Level of Concerns on Surgery according to the Perspectives and Characteristic among Pediatrics with Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in the level of concerns regarding exotropia surgery according to the perspectives regarding surgery and basic characteristics of parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia in South Korea.

Methods: This study included the parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery at five hospitals, between June 2022 and February 2023. Parental perspectives, basic characteristics, and levels of concern regarding surgery were assessed using a questionnaire.

Parental perspectives and concerns regarding exotropia surgery and comparison with clinicians' predictions.

Purpose: To evaluate parental perspectives and concerns regarding exotropia surgery and compare them with clinicians' predictions of parental responses in Korean pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: This survey study included the parents of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery and clinicians at five hospitals from June 2022 to February 2023, who participated in the Survey of Parental Attitude and Concerns of Exotropia surgery (SPACE) study 1. Parental attitudes and concern about exotropia surgery were assessed using a questionnaire.

Surgical outcomes and occurrence of associated vertical strabismus during a 10-year follow-up in patients with infantile esotropia.

Purpose: Authors analyzed long-term surgical outcomes of infantile esotropia and the occurrence of associated strabismus, inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). Clinical factors related to the occurrence of IOOA and DVD in patients with infantile esotropia were also evaluated.

Methods: Medical records of patients with infantile esotropia, who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2008, were reviewed retrospectively.

Comparison of excyclotorsion following graded inferior oblique recession for primary versus secondary inferior oblique overaction.

Aim: To compare the changes in excyclotorsion after inferior oblique (IO) recession in patients with primary and secondary inferior oblique overaction (IOOA).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from patients with IOOA who underwent graded IO recession. The patients were followed up for at least 3mo after surgery.

Changes in Esodeviation after Inferior Oblique Recession in Patients with Refractive Accommodative Esotropia and Inferior Oblique Overaction.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in esodeviation after inferior oblique (IO) recession in patients with refractive accommodative esotropia and IO overaction.

Methods: Graded IO recession was performed in 68 patients who were diagnosed with refractive accommodative esotropia with IO overaction. The patients were followed for at least 3 months after surgery and the angle of esodeviation with correction was evaluated at distance and near at each follow-up evaluation.

Binasal hemianopia caused by pneumosinus dilatans of the sphenoid sinuses.

Bitemporal hemianopia is a significant pathological hallmark of a pituitary lesion; however, binasal hemianopia is rarely reported, except for its known association with other ocular diseases rather than with brain lesions. We report a 24-year-old male with binasal hemianopia caused by pneumosinus dilatans of the sphenoid sinuses.

Effect of strabismus surgery on ocular axial length, anterior chamber depth, and intraocular pressure.

We evaluated changes in ocular axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and intraocular pressure (IOP) after strabismus surgery by comparing the operated and fellow eyes in patients undergoing unilateral strabismus surgery.This was a prospective study including patients who underwent unilateral strabismus surgery for exotropia alone or exotropia with unilateral superior oblique palsy. The AL and ACD using IOLMaster biometer and the IOP using non-contact tonometry were measured 1 day prior to surgery and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Changes in refractive error and axial length after horizontal muscle surgery for strabismus.

Purpose: To investigate changes in refractive error following horizontal muscle surgery and to analyze the relationship between these changes and axial length.

Methods: Patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession (LR group) or unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection (RR group) were investigated prospectively. The patients were followed for at least 3 months postoperatively; refractive error, axial length, mean corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth, corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure were evaluated at each examination.

Subsequent strabismus surgeries in patients with no prior medical records.

Purpose: To investigate subsequent strabismus surgeries in patients with no prior medical record and to evaluate discrepancies between surgical findings and preoperative presumptions made based on patient self-reporting and clinical findings.

Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent a subsequent strabismus surgery between January 1992 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with no available medical records were included in analyses.

Recurrent isolated oculomotor nerve palsy caused by schwannoma in a pediatric patient.

Isolated schwannomas of motor nerves to extraocular muscles are uncommon. In addition, most previous studies on oculomotor nerve schwannoma discuss adult patients, and pediatric cases are rare. We report a 10-year-old girl who developed recurrent oculomotor nerve palsy caused by schwannoma without any vascular malformation.

The fast exodrift after the first surgical treatment of exotropia and its correlation with surgical outcome of second surgery.

Background: To compare the rate of exodrift after a second surgery for recurrent exotropia, in patients grouped to fast versus slow exodrift after their first surgery. To determine whether there is a correlation with surgical outcome, and to evaluate the factors associated with fast exodrift.

Methods: Patients with recurrent intermittent exotropia, who underwent contralateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection as the second surgery and were followed up for 24 months postoperatively between January 1991 and January 2013, were reviewed retrospectively.

Effects of Surgical Assistant's Level of Resident Training on Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia: Operation Time and Surgical Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the surgical assistant's level of resident training on operation time and surgical outcome in the surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia.

Methods: This study included 456 patients with intermittent exotropia who underwent lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection and were followed up for 24 months after surgery. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical assistant's level of resident training: group F (surgery assisted by a first-year resident [n = 198]) and group S (surgery assisted by a second-, third-, or fourth-year resident [n = 258]).

Exotropia and hypotropia as the initial presentation sign of thyroid eye disease in an 18-year-old man.

Exotropia is rarely reported in thyroid eye disease (TED). We report the case of an 18-year-old patient with TED who developed exotropia and hypotropia as an initial presentation of TED.

Exotropia in a pediatric patient with rhabdomyolysis caused by an insect sting.

Various ocular and systemic reactions have been associated with insect sting. However, insect stings have been rarely reported to cause exotropia and diplopia. We encountered exotropia in a 6-year-old child with rhabdomyolysis of the left lower extremities caused by an insect sting.

Variability of preoperative measurements in intermittent exotropia and its effect on surgical outcome.

Purpose: To investigate the variability of preoperative measurements in patients with intermittent exotropia and to compare surgical outcomes according to the variability.

Methods: Patients who underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection and had 24 months' postoperative follow-up were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups according to variability, which was defined as the largest angle minus the smallest angle ever measured during the preoperative visits; group C comprised patients with consistent exodeviation; group V, patients with less variability (<10); and group V, patients with more variability (≥10).

The Stabilization of Postoperative Exo-drift in Intermittent Exotropia after Surgical Treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term clinical course of intermittent exotropia after surgical treatment to determine whether and when postoperative exo-drift stabilizes, and the required postsurgery follow-up duration in cases of intermittent exotropia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgical treatment between January 1992 and January 2006 at Yeungnam University Hospital and postoperatively performed regular follow-up examinations for up to 7 years. We also analyzed the difference in exo-drift stabilization, according to surgical procedure.

Permanent tonic pupil following inferior oblique myectomy.

The postoperative dilation of the pupil following an inferior oblique weakening procedure is a disconcerting event. Previous studies have reported nearly full recovery of the pupil within a few months. We report the case of a patient with who experienced permanent tonic pupil following inferior oblique myectomy.

Accommodative esotropia who needs spectacles for good ocular alignment after refractive shift below +2.00 diopters.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAE) whose refractive errors were gradually reduced to below +2.00 diopters (D) during follow-up but use of spectacles was still required for maintenance of good ocular alignment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of patients diagnosed with RAE from 1995 to 2011.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a critical prognostic factor for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem disorder that frequently involves the central nervous system (CNS). We compared the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of patients with HLH according to the degree of CNS involvement.

Methods: The clinical manifestations, initial laboratory data, treatment, and outcomes for 50 patients diagnosed with HLH and treated at Asan Medical Center between January 1995 and August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Mitral regurgitation due to chordae tendineae rupture in an infant with aortic coarctation.

A 2-month-old male suddenly developed mitral regurgitation aggravation while waiting for surgical repair of aortic coarctation. There were no signs of infection or history of trauma. Emergency surgery was performed, during which rupture of chordae tendineae of the A2 portion of the anterior mitral leaflet was confirmed.