Clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of extraventricular neurocytomas.

Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) shares histological features with central neurocytoma, but has a wide morphological spectrum. Little is known regarding its clinicopathologic nature, biological behavior and genetic abnormalities. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic criteria, genetic abnormalities and biological behavior of EVN.

Distinct genetic alterations in pediatric glioblastomas.

Background: Pediatric high-grade tumors, especially glioblastomas (GBs), can be clinically devastating but are under-studied in comparison with adult GBs (aGBs). Molecular features of pediatric GBs (pGBs) are poorly understood and novel-targeted therapies have not been routinely used in pediatric patients with GBs.

Methods: Twenty-four non-brainstem pGBs were studied.

Channel surface patterning of alternating biomimetic protein combinations for enhanced microfluidic tumor cell isolation.

Here, we report a new method for multicomponent protein patterning in a microchannel and also a technique for improving immunoaffinity-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture by patterning regions of alternating adhesive proteins using the new method. The first of two proteins, antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM), provides the specificity for CTC capture. The second, E-selectin, increases CTC capture under shear.

Accuracy of retinopathy of prematurity image-based diagnosis by pediatric ophthalmology fellows: implications for training.

Purpose: To measure the accuracy of image-based retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis by pediatric ophthalmology fellows.

Methods: This was a comparative case series of expert versus nonexpert clinicians in image-based ROP diagnosis. An atlas of 804 retinal images was captured from 248 eyes of 67 premature infants with a wide-angle camera (RetCam-II, Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA).

Papillary glioneuronal tumors: a review of clinicopathologic and molecular genetic studies.

This study was designed to evaluate 4 new cases of papillary glioneuronal tumors (PGNTs), 2 of which had atypical histologic features, provides extensive IHC characterization, performed comparative genomic hybridization in 2 of our cases, and reviews the recent literature. The study group comprised 3 women and 1 man, with ages ranging from 12 to 75 years. Patients presented with seizures (n = 3) or muscle spasm (n = 1), and the tumors were located in the supratentorial region of the brain (3 in the frontal and 1 in the parietotemporal lobe).

Evaluation of vascular disease progression in retinopathy of prematurity using static and dynamic retinal images.

Purpose: To measure accuracy and speed for detection of vascular progression in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from serial images. Two strategies are compared: static side-by-side presentation and dynamic flickering of superimposed image pairs.

Design: Prospective comparative study.

FUS/TLS is a co-activator of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells.

Androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. Upon binding to androgens, AR becomes transcriptionally active to regulate the expression of target genes that harbor androgen response elements (AREs) in their promoters and/or enhancers. AR is essential for the growth and survival of prostate cancer cells and is therefore a target for current and next-generation therapeutic modalities against prostate cancer.

Skin and soft tissue infections: experience over a five-year period and clinical usefulness of ultrasonography-guided gun biopsy-based culture.

Background: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common clinical diseases, but only a few reports of microbiological data on SSTIs in Korea have been published. In practice, specimens are rarely obtained from infected lesions unless there is visible pus or an abscess pocket. However, identification of the causative pathogen is important, because of emerging drug resistance and the increase in immunocompromised hosts.

Volumetric three-dimensional reconstruction and segmentation of spectral-domain OCT.

Despite advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT), three-dimensional (3D) renderings of OCT images remain limited to scanning consecutive two-dimensional (2D) OCT slices. The authors describe a method of reconstructing 2D OCT data for 3D retinal analysis and visualization in a Computer Assisted Virtual Environment (CAVE). Using customized signal processing software, raw data from 2D slice-based spectral-domain OCT images were rendered into high-resolution 3D images for segmentation and quantification analysis.

MR imaging mapping of skeletal muscle denervation in entrapment and compressive neuropathies.

The diagnoses of entrapment and compressive neuropathies have been based on the findings from clinical examinations and electrophysiologic tests, such as electromyography and nerve conduction studies. The use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the diagnosis of entrapment or compressive neuropathies is increasing because MR imaging is particularly useful for discerning potential causes and for identifying associated muscle denervation. However, it is sometimes difficult to localize nerve entrapment or demonstrate nerve compression lesions with MR imaging.

Rheologically biomimetic cell suspensions for decreased cell settling in microfluidic devices.

Many microfluidic devices operate with cells suspended in buffer solutions. Researchers who work with large cell types in such devices often run into problems with gravitational cell settling in the injection equipment and in the device itself. A method for reducing this problematic settling is discussed in this paper using tumor cell lines as an example.

Model discrimination through adaptive experimentation.

An ideal experiment is one in which data collection is efficient and the results are maximally informative. This standard can be difficult to achieve because of uncertainties about the consequences of design decisions. We demonstrate the success of a Bayesian adaptive method (adaptive design optimization, ADO) in optimizing design decisions when comparing models of the time course of forgetting.

Trends in primary retinal detachment surgery: results of a Bicenter study.

Purpose: To assess trends and outcomes in retinal detachment (RD) surgery based on a retrospective, interventional, bicenter study.

Methods: Baseline demographic data, surgical procedures, and outcomes from 230 patients with a diagnosis of primary rhegmatogenous RD, who underwent surgery between January 2007 and December 2008 at the Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna (Center 1) and the Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, (Center 2) were analyzed using a regression model.

Results: Besides the baseline parameters, lens status (P = 0.

Direct measurements on CD24-mediated rolling of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells on E-selectin.

Tumor cell rolling on the endothelium plays a key role in the initial steps of cancer metastasis, i.e., extravasation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

Detection of retinal changes in Parkinson's disease with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: This pilot study investigated whether high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) could detect differences in inner retinal layer (IRL), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular thickness between patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls.

Methods: Both eyes of patients with PD and age-matched controls were imaged with the Heidelberg Spectralis(®) HRA + OCT. RNFL, IRL, and macular thickness were measured for each eye using Heidelberg software.

Treatment of noninfectious posterior uveitis with dexamethasone intravitreal implant.

Purpose: To report our experience with dexamethasone 0.7 mg sustained-release intravitreal implant (Ozurdex(®); Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA) in noninfectious posterior uveitis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with noninfectious uveitis treated with sustained-release dexamethasone 0.

Well-differentiated liposarcoma of the oesophagus: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and array CGH analysis.

Liposarcoma develops extremely rarely in the oesophagus. Microscopically, it exhibits subtle atypia of H&E-stained features. Accordingly, immunohistochemical features and chromosomal alterations are used for its confirmatory diagnosis.

Genome-wide profiling of the core clock protein BMAL1 targets reveals a strict relationship with metabolism.

Circadian rhythms are common to most organisms and govern much of homeostasis and physiology. Since a significant fraction of the mammalian genome is controlled by the clock machinery, understanding the genome-wide signaling and epigenetic basis of circadian gene expression is essential. BMAL1 is a critical circadian transcription factor that regulates genes via E-box elements in their promoters.

Extravasation of hydroxymethylene diphosphonate-induced subcutaneous inflammation, histologically demonstrated in BALB/c mice.

Unlabelled: We encountered local reactions at injection sites in 7 patients after an intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-HDP). Archived bone scans showed radiopharmaceutical extravasation at injection sites in all patients. To identify the mechanism underlying these local reactions, we challenged BALB/c mice with an (99m)Tc-HDP injection and investigated the mechanism involved.

Minimum description length model selection of multinomial processing tree models.

Multinomial processing tree (MPT) modeling has been widely and successfully applied as a statistical methodology for measuring hypothesized latent cognitive processes in selected experimental paradigms. In this article, we address the problem of selecting the best MPT model from a set of scientifically plausible MPT models, given observed data. We introduce a minimum description length (MDL) based model-selection approach that overcomes the limitations of existing methods such as the G(2)-based likelihood ratio test, the Akaike information criterion, and the Bayesian information criterion.

Regression of castrate-recurrent prostate cancer by a small-molecule inhibitor of the amino-terminus domain of the androgen receptor.

Castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) is suspected to depend on androgen receptor (AR). The AF-1 region in the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of AR contains most, if not all, of the transcriptional activity. Here we identify EPI-001, a small molecule that blocked transactivation of the NTD and was specific for inhibition of AR without attenuating transcriptional activities of related steroid receptors.

On the Minimum Description Length Complexity of Multinomial Processing Tree Models.

Multinomial processing tree (MPT) modeling is a statistical methodology that has been widely and successfully applied for measuring hypothesized latent cognitive processes in selected experimental paradigms. This paper concerns model complexity of MPT models. Complexity is a key and necessary concept to consider in the evaluation and selection of quantitative models.

The clinicopathologic values of the molecules associated with the main pathogenesis of the glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant CNS neoplasm. The prognosis of GBM may be influenced by the molecules of p53/MDM2/p14ARF, RB/p16INK4a, and the EGFR/PTEN/protein kinase B (PKB)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. We studied the expression status of specific molecular markers in GBMs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH in correlation with the clinical outcomes.