Intracerebroventricular Administration of Dermorphin-Dynorphin Analogs Producing Antidepressant-Like Effects through Activation of μ- and κ-Opioid Receptors in Mice.

The opioid system in the central nervous system regulates depressive-like behavior in animals. Opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands have been focused on as novel therapeutic targets for depression. We synthesized dermorphin (DRM)-dynorphin (DYN) analogs (DRM-DYN001-004) using the message-address concept concerning interactions with opioid receptors.

Dopamine D receptor supersensitivity in the hypothalamus of olfactory bulbectomized mice.

Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in rodents induces neurochemical and behavioral changes similar to those observed in individuals with depressive disorders. Our previous study suggested that OBX alters dopaminergic function in the striatum of mice; however, the effects on dopaminergic function in the hypothalamus is unknown. Therefore, in this study we examined dopaminergic system changes in the hypothalamus after OBX.