Unraveling monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a mini review on kidney complications and clinical insights.

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is where kidney injury occurs due to the accumulation or effects of abnormal monoclonal proteins. These proteins, originating from non-cancerous or pre-cancerous plasma cells or B cells, deposit in specific areas of the kidney. Mechanisms contributing to MGRS include high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, autoantibodies targeting complement components, and targeting specific receptors leading to nephropathy.

Women's health and kidney protective medications.

Purpose Of Review: We discuss the sex-based differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of kidney protective medications and their implications on women's health.

Recent Findings: A critical examination of adverse drug reactions highlights the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials for kidney and cardiovascular protective drugs, such as SGLT2 inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, and endothelin receptor antagonists. This underscores the need for sex-specific analyses in clinical studies to accurately assess medication efficacy and safety.

C3 Dominant Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis - A Report of Two Rare Cases.

Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) a heterogeneous group of disorders, rather than a single disease entity. Kidney biopsy shows segmental or globally collapsed, sclerotic glomerular capillaries. There is also hypertrophy and hyperplasia of overlying glomerular epithelial cells.

An Uncommon Complication of a Common Tropical Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient - A Case Report.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening condition due to extensive and uncontrolled immune activation. There is sparse literature on HLH in kidney transplant recipients. We report a case of a 27-year -old male kidney transplant recipient who presented with dengue fever and acute allograft dysfunction.

Gender disparity in maintenance hemodialysis units in South India: a cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Diseases manifest differently according to gender in many medical specialties. However, sex differences in kidney diseases have not been well explored worldwide, especially in India. These differences could also be attributed to sociocultural factors.

Urinary exosomal miRNA signature of IgA nephropathy: a case-control study.

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The current "gold standard" for diagnosis is kidney biopsy, which is invasive and associated with morbidity. miRNAs are small, non-coding endogenous RNA that may serve as non-invasive biomarkers, and that are found in urinary exosomes.

Changing Tides of Acute Interstitial Nephritis: A Retrospective Observational Study from South India.

Introduction: The incidence of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) has been increasing in recent years. The causes and outcomes of AIN have been changing with time and vary widely based on geographical region.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center.

PARAKID: Navigating the relation between paraproteins and kidney lesions: A multi-center retrospective observational study.

Introduction: Monoclonal gammopathy is a heterogeneous group of disorders due to the clonal proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells or B lymphocytes. Patients develop kidney disease not only due to malignant transformation but also due to the idiosyncratic properties of the M protein and the host factors. We aim to study the spectrum of kidney diseases in patients with paraproteinemia.

Wilson's Disease Presents as Recurrent Hypokalemic Muscle Paralysis.

A 21-year-old euthyroid gentleman born to nonconsanguineous parents was diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder. He presented 4 years later with hypokalemic quadriparesis. On evaluation, he was found to have features of both proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis.

The evolution of social media in nephrology education: A mini-review.

Social media is defined as "a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content". Social media can be used in medical education to enhance knowledge sharing among peer groups and the public in general.

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors and CKD: Are You a #Flozinator?

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have rapidly emerged as a novel therapy to reduce the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). With humble beginnings in the 19th century for treating malaria, this class of drugs initially developed for the treatment of diabetes has now revolutionized the management of heart failure and CKD. SGLT2 inhibitors trigger glucosuria, thus modestly improving glycemic control.

Targeting Glomerular Hemodynamics for Kidney Protection.

The kidney microcirculation is a unique structure as it is composed to 2 capillary beds in series: the glomerular and peritubular capillaries. The glomerular capillary bed is a high-pressure capillary bed, having a 60 mm Hg to 40 mm Hg pressure gradient, capable of producing an ultrafiltrate of plasma quantified as the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), thereby allowing for waste products to be removed and establishing sodium/volume homeostasis. Entering the glomerulus is the afferent arteriole, and the exiting one is the efferent arteriole.

Urinary Ammonium in Clinical Medicine: Direct Measurement and the Urine Anion Gap as a Surrogate Marker During Metabolic Acidosis.

Ammonium is the most important component of urinary acid excretion, normally accounting for about two-third of net acid excretion. In this article, we discuss urine ammonium not only in the evaluation of metabolic acidosis but also in other clinical conditions such as chronic kidney disease. Different methods to measure urine NH that have been employed over the years are discussed.

Infection-related glomerulonephritis: A retrospective observational study from South India.

Introduction: Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is an immunologically mediated renal injury due to non-renal infections. With time there has been a change with respect to its incidence, etiological agents, clinical features, and outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from May 1, 2018 to May 31, 2021.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Chronic Kidney Disease - A Clinical Observational Study.

People with comorbidities are more prone to severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are commonly associated with other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. However, there are limited data about the clinical features and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 in CKD patients.

Urinary Tract Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease Population: A Clinical Observational Study.

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a state of chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation weakens the body's immune response to infections. Hence, CKD patients are at an increased risk of infections.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SH) and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) in Women: A Case-Control Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.

Introduction Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is defined as an increase in serum-thyroid stimulating hormone (S-TSH) above the normal level with free triiodothyronine (T4) and free thyroxine (T3) within the normal range. It is more common in females. The association between SH and dyslipidemia is unclear.

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor: A rare entity.

Liver is the most common site for neuroendocrine metastasis. However, primary neuroendocrine tumor is a rare focal hepatic lesion with a better prognosis than hepatocellular carcinoma and other malignant hepatic lesions. We present a case of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor in a 38-year-old female patient with a radiological diagnosis of atypical focal hepatic lesion, and a confirmed diagnosis on histopathology.