Dendritic cell derived exosomes loaded with immunoregulatory cargo reprogram local immune responses and inhibit degenerative bone disease .

Chronic bone degenerative diseases represent a major threat to the health and well-being of the population, particularly those with advanced age. This study isolated exosomes (EXO), natural nano-particles, from dendritic cells, the "directors" of the immune response, to examine the immunobiology of DC EXO in mice, and their ability to reprogram immune cells responsible for experimental alveolar bone loss . Distinct DC EXO subtypes including immune-regulatory (regDC EXO), loaded with TGFB1 and IL10 after purification, along with immune stimulatory (stimDC EXO) and immune "null" immature (iDCs EXO) unmodified after purification, were delivered via I.