Guidelines of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Pediatric Section of Diabetes Poland on insulin therapy using hybrid closed-loop systems in children and adolescents with diabetes in Poland.

Currently, hybrid closed loop (HCL) systems represent the most advantageous therapeutic option for people with diabetes requiring intensive insulin therapy. They make it possible to achieve optimal metabolic control of the disease in any age group while improving the quality of life of children and adolescents with diabetes and their families. Therefore, we present recommendations for the use of HCL systems in children and adolescents focusing on systems currently available in Poland.

The Impact of Thyroiditis on the Immune Profile in Young Patients with Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT) is the most frequently linked autoimmune condition to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The analysis of immune profiles could provide valuable insights into the study of these diseases. This knowledge could play a crucial role in understanding the relationship between immune profiles and microcirculation structures and functions.

Comparison of Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents Treated with Insulin Pumps.

Background: While insulin pumps remain the most common form of therapy for youths with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), they differ in the extent to which they utilize data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automate insulin delivery.

Methods: The aim of the study was to compare metabolic control in patients using different models of insulin pumps. This retrospective single-center study randomly sampled 30 patients for each of the following treatments: Medtronic 720G without PLGS (predictive low glucose suspend), Medtronic 640G or 740G with PLGS and Medtronic 780G.

Exploring CCR5 + T regulatory cell subset dysfunction in type 1 diabetes patients: implications for immune regulation.

T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) expressing CCR5 exhibit strong suppression activity in various autoimmune disorders. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their involvement in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we examined the role of the CCR5/CCL5 axis in regulating inflammatory response and its impact on regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Association of KLF14 rs4731702 gene polymorphism with metabolic phenotype in young patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To explore the potential association between the KLF14 rs4731702 polymorphism and metabolic syndrome traits among patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The study group included 350 patients with T1D and 250 healthy control subjects. The analysis focused on the genotyping of KLF14 rs4731702 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as well as evaluating serum concentrations of inflammatory markers, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and the quantitative status of CD4 + CD25highFOXP3+ T cells.

The Impact of Disease Duration on Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Young Patients with Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes.

This study aimed to evaluate the earliest changes in the structure and function of the peripheral microcirculation using capillaroscopy and transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus at baseline and during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in the function of diabetes duration. Sixty-seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), aged 8 to 18 years, and twenty-eight age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in the analysis. Diabetic patients were divided into subgroups based on median disease duration.

PD-1 Receptor (+) T cells are associated with the efficacy of the combined treatment with regulatory t cells and rituximab in type 1 diabetes children via regulatory t cells suppressive activity amelioration.

An imbalance between exaggerated autoaggressive T cell responses, primarily CD8 + T cells, and impaired tolerogenic mechanisms underlie the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Disease-modifying strategies, particularly immunotherapy focusing on FoxP3 + T regulatory cells (Treg), and B cells facilitating antigen presentation for T cells, show promise. Selective depletion of B cells may be achieved with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb).

The Impact of Metabolic Memory on Immune Profile in Young Patients with Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes.

Metabolic memory refers to the long-term effects of achieving early glycemic control and the adverse implications of high blood glucose levels, including the development and progression of diabetes complications. Our study aimed to investigate whether the phenomenon of metabolic memory plays a role in the immune profile of young patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study group included 67 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes with a mean age of 15.

Recommendations of the Experts of the Polish Cardiac Society (PCS) and the Polish Lipid Association (PoLA) on the diagnosis and management of elevated lipoprotein(a) levels.

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is made up of a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle and a specific apolipoprotein(a). The blood concentration of Lp(a) is approximately 90% genetically determined, and the main genetic factor determining Lp(a) levels is the size of the apo(a) isoform, which is determined by the number of KIV2 domain repeats. The size of the apo(a) isoform is inversely proportional to the blood concentration of Lp(a).

The Complex Network of Cytokines and Chemokines in Pediatric Patients with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive disorder leading to the development of microangiopathies and macroangiopathies. Numerous cytokines and chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D complications. The study aimed to assess the presence of complications in patients with long-standing T1D and its relationship with serum biomarker concentrations.

Lisdexamphetamine versus methylphenidate for paediatric patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and type 1 diabetes (LAMAinDiab): protocol for a multicentre, randomised cross-over clinical trial in an outpatient telemedicine-supported setting.

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5%-10% of paediatric population and is reportedly more common in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), exacerbating its clinical course. Proper treatment of ADHD in such patients may thus provide neurological and metabolic benefits. To test this, we designed a non-commercial second phase clinical trial comparing the impact of different pharmacological interventions for ADHD in children with T1D.

The Relationship between TNF-a, IL-35, VEGF and Cutaneous Microvascular Dysfunction in Young Patients with Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between immunological markers and the dysfunction of cutaneous microcirculation in young patients with type 1 diabetes. The study group consisted of 46 young patients with type 1 diabetes and no associated complications. Microvascular function was assessed with the use of nail fold capillaroscopy before and after implementing post-occlusive reactive hyperemia.

Role of acrylates in the development of contact dermatitis in diabetic patients-A Polish dermatology tertiary centre experience.

Background: In recent years, an increasing number of contact dermatitis cases triggered by acrylates contained in diabetes medical devices have been reported. Acrylates seem to play a major role in the development of irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in diabetic patients.

Objectives: To study a group of patients with contact dermatitis caused by diabetes medical devices with a focus on acrylates as possible allergens responsible for contact dermatitis.

The Wedding Bells Sound Really Good! iGlarLixi Fixed-Ratio Combination in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.

iGlarLixi is a fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U/mL and lixisenatide used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. iGlarLixi has proven clinical benefits in terms of glycemia, weight control, and safety, defined by the risk of hypoglycemia. It simultaneously targets many pathophysiologic abnormalities which are at the root of type 2 diabetes and thus presents a complementary mode of action.

Expanding the Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Modern Diabetes Care Beyond Type 1 Disease.

Application of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has moved diabetes care from a reactive to a proactive process, in which a person with diabetes can prevent episodes of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, rather than taking action only once low and high glucose are detected. Consequently, CGM devices are now seen as the standard of care for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Evidence now supports the use of CGM in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on any treatment regimen, not just for those on insulin therapy.

Variation in the Dopamine-4-Receptor Gene in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.

Introduction: Because dopaminergic signaling pathways are one of the regulators of autoimmunity, we hypothesize that the -521C>T DRD4 gene polymorphism may associate with the risk of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and its comorbidities.

Methods: In this case-control study, we have examined 300 patients with DM1 in comparison to 300 healthy age-matched controls. Utilizing the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction method, we have analyzed the -521C>T polymorphism of dopamine D4 receptor-encoding gene.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Enterally Fed Children with Severe Central Nervous System Impairment.

Unlabelled: Children with severe central nervous system (CNS) impairment are at risk of developing various degrees of nutritional deficit that require long-term nutritional intervention. Interventions are most often implemented through enteral nutrition (EN) using commercially manufactured feeds administered via gastro/jejunostomy or nasogastric or nasojejunal tubes. The modality of feeding-continuous feeding or bolus feeding-is dependent on the function of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the efficiency of gastric emptying.

Getting them through the door: Social and behavioral determinants of uptake and engagement in an obesity intervention.

Using data from a large-scale screening program (N = 19634), we aimed to prospectively identify factors predicting uptake (i.e. acceptance of the invitation) and engagement (i.

Reduced Carbohydrate Diet Influence on Postprandial Glycemia-Results of a Short, CGM-Based, Interventional Study in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) focuses on maintaining optimal blood glucose levels, achieved with intensive insulin treatment, proper nutrition, and physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate postprandial glycemic changes under low (30%) and standard (50%) carbohydrate diets in adolescents with T1DM. A single-center cross-over nutritional study was conducted, during which 26 adolescent patients provided 220 continuous glucose-monitored (CGM) meals data from the two consecutive 3-day nutritional plans.

Genetic variation in C-reactive protein (CRP) gene is associated with retinopathy and hypertension in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background And Aims: Elevated concentration of CRP has been associated with the risk of diabetes as well as cardiovascular events and microvascular complications in T1D patients. We hypothesize that the +1846 C > T CRP gene polymorphism may have impact on the risk of T1D and/or its complications.

Methods: We have examined 400 young patients with T1D and 250 healthy age-matched controls.

Diabetic ketoacidosis incidence among children with new-onset type 1 diabetes in Poland and its association with COVID-19 outbreak-Two-year cross-sectional national observation by PolPeDiab Study Group.

Background: There are several observations that the onset of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with an increase in the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, due to heterogeneity in study designs and country-specific healthcare policies, more national-level evidence is needed to provide generalizable conclusions.

Objective: To compare the rate of DKA in Polish children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) between the first year of COVID-19 pandemic (15 March 2020 to 15 March 2021) and the preceding year (15 March 2019 to 15 March 2020).

Combined therapy with CD4 CD25highCD127 T regulatory cells and anti-CD20 antibody in recent-onset type 1 diabetes is superior to monotherapy: Randomized phase I/II trial.

Aims: Monotherapy with autologous expanded CD4 CD25 CD127 T regulatory cells (Tregs) or rituximab has been documented to slow disease progression in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Whether a combined therapy including both drugs would further benefit this patient population is unknown.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a three-arms clinical trial to explore the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment with Tregs and rituximab in paediatric patients with T1DM.

Fitness, Food, and Biomarkers: Characterizing Body Composition in 19,634 Early Adolescents.

Adolescent obesity persists as a major concern, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, yet evidence gaps exist regarding the pivotal early adolescent years. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive picture using a holistic approach of measured anthropometry in early adolescence, including body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and reported lifestyle characteristics. We aimed to elucidate potential sex/gender differences throughout and associations to biomarkers of disease risk for obese adolescents.