Hyperlipidaemia elicits an atypical, T helper 1-like CD4 T-cell response: a key role for very low-density lipoprotein.

Aims: Hyperlipidemia and T cell driven inflammation are important drivers of atherosclerosis, the main underlying cause of cardiovascular disease. Here, we detailed the effects of hyperlipidemia on T cells.

Methods And Results: In vitro, exposure of human and murine CD4+ T cells to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), but not to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) resulted in upregulation of Th1 associated pathways.