Optimal waist circumference cutoff points for the determination of abdominal obesity and detection of cardiovascular risk factors among adult Egyptian population.

Objective: To determine the best anthropometric measurement of obesity, and its optimal cutoff, that best predicts the presence of cardiovascular risk factors among adult Egyptian population.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including a representative randomly chosen sample of the adult Egyptian population from all Alexandria Districts (the second largest governorate in Egypt) based on the multistage random technique. It included 3209 subjects (1567 men, 1642 women) aged 18-80 years from urban and rural areas.

Crevicular alkaline phosphatase activity during the application of two patterns of orthodontic forces.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that using a gradually increasing orthodontic force would induce an increased activity of osteoblasts compared to a relatively constant orthodontic force.

Participants And Methods: Twelve orthodontic patients participated in this study. In a split mouth design, one maxillary canine undergoing distal movement received a relatively constant continuous retraction force, while the contralateral canine received a gradually increasing retraction force.