Prioritizing Patient Experiences in the Management of Diabetes and Its Complications: An Endocrine Society Position Statement.

Diabetes can be an arduous journey both for people with diabetes (PWD) and their caregivers. While the journey of every person with diabetes is unique, common themes emerge in managing this disease. To date, the experiences of PWD have not been fully considered to successfully implement the recommended standards of diabetes care in practice.

Characterization of HbA1c Levels in a Subsample of Hispanic Adults Living in the San Juan Metropolitan Area.

Objective: To determine the mean levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a subsample of non-diabetic Hispanic Puerto Ricans living in the San Juan metropolitan area (SJMA) and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of HbA1c as a diagnostic test for prediabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the parent study, Burden of Diabetes and Hypertension in the Adult Population of the San Juan Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico. Based on their HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values, 370 adults (147 males; 223 females) were classified as non-diabetics.

Fine-Needle Thyroid Aspiration Biopsy: Clinical Experience at the Endocrinology Clinics of the University Hospital of Puerto Rico.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a profile of the ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) performed at the endocrinology clinics of the University Hospital of Puerto Rico.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to assess all the thyroid FNABs performed from July 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. Data on socio-demographic, FNAB cytology, surgery, and histopathology were collected from medical records.

TRANSCULTURALIZATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING LATIN AMERICAN CLINICAL PRACTICE ALGORITHMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY--PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 PAN-AMERICAN WORKSHOP BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY.

The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and American College of Endocrinology (ACE) convened their first Workshop for recommendations to optimize Clinical Practice Algorithm (CPA) development for Latin America (LA) in diabetes (focusing on glycemic control), obesity (focusing on weight loss), thyroid (focusing on thyroid nodule diagnostics), and bone (focusing on postmenopausal osteoporosis) on February 28, 2015, in San Jose, Costa Rica. A standardized methodology is presented incorporating various transculturalization factors: resource availability (including imaging equipment and approved pharmaceuticals), health care professional and patient preferences, lifestyle variables, socio-economic parameters, web-based global accessibility, electronic implementation, and need for validation protocols. A standardized CPA template with node-specific recommendations to assist the local transculturalization process is provided.

Pheochromocytoma in pregnancy: A case Report.

This is the case of a 38 year-old female patient with an intrauterine pregnancy, in which a previous incidentally identified adrenal mass proved to be a pheochromocytoma during the antenatal period. The patient was started on α-and β-adrenergic blockade to maintain hemodynamic stability, and surgical removal of the lesion was performed during the second trimester without major complications. In view of the rarity of this disorder in pregnancy, it is imperative to have a high index of suspicion for a prompt and dedicated management, since this tumor, if unrecognized, is associated with high fetal and maternal mortality.

[Metabolic correction: a biochemical option against diseases].

Human development and its physiology depends on a number of complex biochemical body processes, many of which are interactive and codependent. The speed and the degree in which many physiological reactions are completed depend on enzyme activity, which in turn depends on the bioavailability of co-factors and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. To achieve a healthy physiological state, organism need that biochemical reactions occur in a controlled and specific way at a particular speed and level or grade fully completed.

Metabolic correction: a functional biochemical mechanism against disease--Part 2: mechanisms and benefits.

A healthy physiology depends on a plethora of complex interdependent biochemical reactions. In order for these reactions to occur suitably, the enzymes and cofactors that regulate their flow must be present in the proper balance. The term metabolic correction is used to describe a biochemical-physiological process that improves cellular biochemistry as a means to an individual's achieving metabolic or physiological optimization.

Metabolic correction: a functional biochemical mechanism against disease--Part 1: concept and historical background.

Human physiology depends on countless biochemical reactions, numerous of which are co-dependent and interrelated. The speed and level of completion of reactions usually depend on the availability of precursors and enzymes. The enzymatic activity depends on the bioavailability of micronutrient cofactors such as vitamins and minerals.

An uncommon presentation of follicular thyroid carcinoma: when chronic back pain should raise a flag.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, and its incidence has increased dramatically in recent years. Although it typically presents as a thyroid nodule, it can spread to distant sites via hematogenous dissemination. Bone metastasis is diagnosed clinically in 2%-13% of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer; nevertheless spinal cord compression complicating thyroid carcinoma is rare and only few cases has been reported in the literature.

UNCOMMON PRESENTATION OF FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA: WHEN CHRONIC BACK PAIN SHOULD RAISE A FLAG.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, and its incidence has increased dramatically in recent years. Although it typically presents as a thyroid nodule, it can spread to distant sites via hematogenous dissemination. Spinal cord compression complicating thyroid carcinoma is rare with only few cases reported in the literature.

Diabetes mellitus prevention.

The aim of this study was to review lifestyle modification interventions and pharmacological clinical studies designed to prevent diabetes and provide evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of Diabetes Mellitus. A review of relevant literature compiled via a literature search (PUBMED) of English-language publications between 1997 and 2010 was conducted. It is found that people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus can halt the development of the disease.

Adipocytes and cardiometabolic risk.

To describe the link between adipocytes and cardiometabolic risk and present mechanisms by which obesity contributes to dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a prothrombotic, inflammatory state favoring atherogenesis. Review of relevant literature compiled via a literature search (PUBMED) of English-language literature publications between 1994 and 2010. Cardiometabolic risk is a term that includes a series of conditions and factors, which contribute to increased risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Pathophysiologic mechanisms linking adipose tissue and cardiometabolic risk.

Objective: To describe the contribution of adipocytes and adipose tissue to increased cardiometabolic risk as well as the mechanisms by which adipose tissue and obesity contribute to dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a prothrombotic, inflammatory state favoring atherogenesis.

Methods: A review was undertaken of the relevant available reports, compiled by means of a search (PubMed) of the English-language literature published between 1994 and 2010.

Results: Coronary risk factors cause susceptibility to development of atherosclerosis.

Women and the metabolic syndrome: an overview of its peculiarities.

Objective: The peculiarities of the Metabolic Syndrome in women regarding frequency, pathophysiology, manifestations and therapy will be analyzed. Recommendations will be given for prevention of metabolic syndrome and possible reduction of risks factors for cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A review of pertinent studies serves as the basis for the analysis and recommendations of therapeutic strategies in women with metabolic syndrome.

The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis.

Objective: Present evidence-based recommendations on the use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in the management of osteoporosis.

Methods: The English literature from 1999 to 2005 was reviewed by using data sources from MEDLINE.

Results: Measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover helps us identify a high bone turnover rate.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus among youth in Puerto Rico, 2003.

Aims: To describe the clinical characteristics, and estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Puerto Rican youth, 1995-2003.

Methods: All patients aged less than 20 years with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were identified from pediatric endocrinologists' medical practices. Medical records of each patient were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis, classify the type of diabetes, and gather sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Cardiovascular disease in women with diabetes mellitus: a review.

Objective: To analyze cardiovascular disease (CVD) along wit it's contributing risk factors in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and from this, to recommend prevention strategies.

Methods: A review of pertinent studies serves as the basis for the analysis and recommendations of prevention strategies in this group.

Results: Women with (DM) show a higher morbidity and mortality from CVD.