Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of JBPOS0101 mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.

JBPOS0101 is a new antiepileptic drug and is a substrate of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in in vitro test. In vitro experiments showed different results regarding whether JBPOS0101 induces (EC 136 μM) or inhibits (IC 95.4-386.

HBX-6, Standardized and L. Extracts, Suppresses Benign Prostate Hyperplasia by Attenuating E2F1 Activation.

The aim of this study was to simplify and identify the contents of the herbal formula, HBX-5. This study was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HBX-6 in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Based on in vitro, we selected a candidate, reconstituted an experimental agent and investigated the effects on testosterone-induced BPH rats.

Anti-Proliferative Effects of HBX-5 on Progression of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an age-dependent disorder with a prevalence percentage of 60% in the 60s, has been found to involve an androgenic hormone imbalance that causes confusion between cell apoptosis and proliferation. Because general medications for BPH treatment have undesirable side effects, the development of effective alternative medicines has been considered. HBX-5 is a newly developed formula with the aim of improving BPH, and is composed of nine medicinal herbs.

Topical application of Scutellaria baicalensis suppresses 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a prototypic T-cell-mediated cutaneous inflammatory response. In the present study we describe the anti-allergic effect of topically applied Scutellaria bacalensis aqueous extract (WSBE) in suppressing 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced ACD in BALB/c mice. Topically applied WSBE attenuated the epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration into the skin in DNCB-induced contact dermatitis.

Single-dose oral toxicity of fermented scutellariae radix extract in rats and dogs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute oral toxicity of fermented Scutellariae Radix (JKTMHGu- 100) in rats and dogs. JKTM-HGu-100 was orally administered at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. An escalating single-dose oral toxicity test in beagle dogs was performed at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg with 4-day intervals.

Assessment of dermal safety of Scutellaria baicalensis aqueous extract topical application on skin hypersensitivity.

Scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for bronchitis, hepatitis, and allergic diseases. The root of Scutellaria baicalensis contains active flavonoid components, including baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin, which have pharmaceutical properties. In the present study, the antiallergic properties of a standardized aqueous extract of S.

Influence of the injection site on the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following intramuscular injection in piglets.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different injection sites, i.e., the neck area and thigh muscle, on the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in piglets following intramuscular (i.

Hepatoprotective and anti-hepatitis C viral activity of Platycodon grandiflorum extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury in mice.

The present study aims to evaluate the anti-HCV activity of hotwater extract from Platycodon grandiflorum (BC703) with HCV genotype 1b subgenomic replicon system and investigate its hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver damage in mice. BC703 produced significant hepatoprotective effects against CCl(4)-induced acute hepatic injury by decreasing the activities of serum enzymes, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation. Histopathological studies further substantiated the protective effect of BC703.

Protective Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum Aqueous Extract on Thioacetamide-induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Mice.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of aqueous extract from Platycodon grandiflorum (BC703) on thioacetamide (TA)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. We found that BC703 significantly decreased mortality and the change in serum transaminase following TA administration. The group treated with BC703 at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg produced significant hepatoprotective effects against TA-induced liver damage by decreasing the activities of serum enzymes, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in dose-dependent manners.

Effect of orange oil on the oral absorption of enrofloxacin in rats.

This study was conducted to evaluate the oral absorption of enrofloxacin (ENFX) in rats when administered with orange oil or its main component, limonene. Compared with the group administered ENFX alone, the ENFX + limonene group did not show any significant difference in the absorption of ENFX, whereas the extent and rate of absorption of ENFX were significantly decreased in the ENFX + orange oil group (C(max), -43%; T(max), 129%). In addition, t(1/2λz) and MRT of ENFX were prolonged by the concomitant administration of orange oil.

In vivo metabolism of Talosin A, new isoflavonol glycoside from Kitasatospora kifunensis, in rats.

The isoflavonol glycoside Talosin A, genistein (GT)-7-α-L-6-deoxy talopyranose (GT-Tal), was first isolated from the culture broth of Kitasatospora kifunensis MJM341. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oral absorption and metabolism of the newly isolated isoflavonol glycoside, GT-Tal compared to genistin (GT-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; GT-Glu). Free GT-Glu and GT-Tal could not be detected prior to enzymatic hydrolysis of the corresponding conjugates in rat plasma.

Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, after a single oral administration to pigs.

Toltrazuril (TZR) is a triazine-based antiprotozoal agent. Following a single oral administration of TZR at 10 and 20 mg/kg to male pigs, the mean TZR concentration in plasma peaked at 4.24 and 8.

Plasma disposition of toltrazuril and its metabolites, toltrazuril sulfoxide and toltrazuril sulfone, in rabbits after oral administration.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of toltrazuril (TZR), and its major metabolites toltrazuril sulfoxide (TZR x SO) and toltrazuril sulfone (TZR x SO(2)) in rabbits after oral administrations. Rabbits were dosed once with 10 and 20mg/kg TZR via stomach tube with manual restraint. The plasma concentrations of TZR, TZR x SO and TZR x SO(2) were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Genotoxic Evaluation of Surfactin C in Chinese Hamster Lung Cell Line.

To investigate the mutation inducibility of surfactin C, we performed the chromosome aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung cells . The colorimetric MTT screening assay was carried out to determine the cytotoxicity index (IC) of surfactin C. The IC value was 125 μg/ml.

Anti-inflammatory effects of talosin A via inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Aim of work To determine whether talosin A inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (1 mug/ml)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Talosin A (10 and 50 mug/ml) significantly reduced LPS-induced overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin IL-1beta, -6 and NO in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite, florfenicol amine, in dogs.

A study on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was conducted in six healthy dogs following a single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.

Lipopolysaccharide-binding and neutralizing activities of surfactin C in experimental models of septic shock.

To evaluate the anti-endotoxin activity of surfactin C, we studied its lipopolysaccharide-binding activity in vitro and therapeutic efficacy in experimental models of gram-negative septic shock. The ability of surfactin C to bind LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 was determined using a limulus chromogenic assay. Male ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal administration of 1x10(9) colony forming units of E.

[A case of transmesocolic hernia in elderly person without a history of operation].

Internal hernia is defined as the herniation of viscera through an anatomic or pathologic opening within the boundaries of peritoneal cavity. Transmesocolic hernia, a subtype of internal hernia, has a herniated sac through the transverse mesocolon. Transmesocolic hernia has been rarely described in the literature, and most of reported cases were associated with a history of operation or congenital anormaly.

[A case of hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas].

Hepatoid carcinoma is a primary extrahepatic neoplasm exhibiting features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in terms of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and behavior. In many cases, tumor cytoplasm is positive for alpha- fetoprotein (alpha-FP) with elevated serum alpha-FP level. Because not all hepatoid carcinomas are associated with alpha- FP overproduction, diagnosis should be made essentially by histological features of the tumor.

The anti-thrombotic activity of surfactins.

Platelet aggregation was inhibited and the density of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) clots was decreased by the preincubation of PRP with surfactins, an acidic lipopeptide of Bacillus subtilis complex BC1212 isolated from soybean paste, in dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that surfactins are able to prevent a platelet aggregation leading to an inhibition of additional fibrin clot formation, and to enhance fibrinolysis with facilitated diffusion of fibrinolytic agents.

[A case of pulmonary thromboembolism in active ulcerative colitis].

Thromboembolic disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The reported incidence is 1-6%. The most common thromboembolic complications are deep venous thrombosis of legs and pulmonary thromboembolism.