Comparison between intense pulsed light and continuous ultraviolet treatment processes for enhancing the vitamin D content of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) powder.

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) are a rich source of ergosterol, which can be converted into vitamin D, a valuable nutrient for human health. This study evaluated the enhancement of vitamin D in shiitake-mushroom powders using intense pulsed light (IPL). The initial vitamin D content of the sample was 4.

The impact of movement path of sesame seeds ( L.) during treatment with intense pulsed light (IPL) using a continuous pilot-scale device on the reduction of indigenous microorganisms.

The objective of this study was to enhance the microbial inactivation efficacy of sesame seeds through the utilization of a pilot-scale IPL device, while also identifying the process variables that influence the microbial inactivation effect. Three different types of IPL processes were employed, each with a distinct arrangement, to treat sesame seeds. The total fluences applied ranged from 1.

Effect of environmental water activity on microbial inactivation by intense pulsed light (IPL).

In this study, the effect of environmental a on microbial inactivation by intense pulsed light (IPL) was investigated. Three different microorganisms (Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast) were used as test organisms. The effect of environmental a was assessed by irradiating each microbial suspension in sodium chloride solutions with different environmental a levels (0.

Thermal conversion kinetics and solubility of soy isoflavones in subcritical water extraction.

The conversion of isoflavones during subcritical water extraction were studied using first-order reaction kinetics modeling. Isoflavones were extracted from soybean using temperatures from 100℃ to 180℃ for 3 to 30 min. It was found that malonylgenistin was the most thermally unstable, with little being detected above 100℃.

Comparison of microbial reduction effect of intense pulsed light according to growth stage and population density of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 using a double Weibull model.

This study evaluated how the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) was influenced by biological factors such as the incubation time and the population of Escherichia coli. According to the 4D value, the microorganisms in the exponential phase were more susceptible to IPL (0.51 J/cm), while those in the stationary phase were the most resistant (0.

Application of Pulsed Electric Field as a Pre-Treatment for Subcritical Water Extraction of Quercetin from Onion Skin.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment promotes the electroporation of biological membranes, and if included as a pre-treatment, could improve the extraction of certain constituents therefrom. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for extracting the flavonoid quercetin from dried onion skin and to establish whether the yield could be enhanced by combining PEF pre-treatment with an eco-friendly extraction method that uses subcritical water extraction (SWE). Samples of onion skin were treated with PEF under conditions of varying electric field strength (0.

Selective extraction of oxygenated terpene in caraway (Carum carvi L.) using subcritical water extraction (SWE) technique.

Caraway contains terpenes such as carvone, limonene and carveol, that have antibacterial and antifungal properties. Subcritical-water extraction (SWE) can be used to extract terpenes by changing temperature under high pressure. This study evaluated the SWE of terpenes from caraway when varying the extraction conditions of temperature (110 °C-190 °C), time (5-15 min), and particle size (>1000, 850-1000, 425-850, and < 425 μm).

Improving the Extraction of Catechins of Green Tea () by Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) Combined with Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) or Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Pretreatment.

The aim of this study was to find the optimum condition of pulsed electric field (PEF) and intense pulsed light (IPL) for the enhancement of subcritical water extraction (SWE), which is an eco-friendly extraction method, for extracting tea catechins from green tea leaves (). The leaves were treated with PEF under conditions of electric field strength (1, 2 and 3 kV/cm) during 60 s. Moreover, IPL was applied at various voltages (800, 1000, and 1200 V) for 60 s.

Impact of factors affecting the efficacy of intense pulsed light for reducing spores.

This study investigated how the following four intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment factors affect the inactivation of (KCCM 11,315) spores: distance between the sample and IPL lamp (8, 13, and 18 cm), pulse width (0.5, 1.3, and 2.

Microbial inactivation in fresh and minimally processed foods by intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the inactivation effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) on indigenous and inoculated microorganisms in fresh and minimally processed foods and the industrial applicability of this nonthermal sterilization method. The samples were treated with IPL by varying the treatment time and voltage. The inactivation effect tended to increase as the treatment conditions increased.

Anthocyanin Structure and pH Dependent Extraction Characteristics from Blueberries () and Chokeberries () in Subcritical Water State.

This study determines the optimal extraction conditions for the subcritical-water extraction (SWE) of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries and compares the performance using conventional extraction methods. SWE is carried out under different conditions of extraction temperature (110 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C), extraction time (1, 3, 5, and 10 min), and solvent pH (water and 1% citric acid). The solubility and stability of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries influences the optimal condition for SWE.

Recovery of hesperidin and narirutin from waste peel using subcritical water extraction aided by pulsed electric field treatment.

The objective of this study was to identify whether the efficacy of extracting hesperidin and narirutin from peel by-products can be increased by combining pulsed electric field (PEF) and subcritical water extraction (SWE). The samples were treated with a PEF at a strength of 3 kV/cm for 60 and 120 s. Subsequent SWE was conducted at extraction temperatures of 110-190 °C for 3-15 min.

spores: a review of their properties and inactivation processing technologies.

Many factors determine the resistance properties of a spore to heat, chemical and physical processing, including thick proteinaceous coats, peptidoglycan cortex and low water content, high levels of dipicolinic acid (DPA), and divalent cations in the spore core. Recently, attention has been focused on non-thermal inactivation methods based on high pressure, ultrasonic, high voltage electric fields and cold plasmas for inactivating spores associated with deterioration in quality and safety. The important chemical sporicides are glutaraldehyde, chorine-releasing agents, peroxygens, and ethylene oxide.

Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae).

Subcritical-water extraction is an ecofriendly method for extracting antioxidant compounds only using water. The Subcritical-water extraction was employed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus known as rock pine by investigating the use of various temperatures (110-260 °C) and extraction times (5-20 min). The Subcritical-water extraction condition at 220 °C for 15 min; the total phenolics content (39.

Pilot-scale subcritical-water extraction of nodakenin and decursin from Nakai.

Active components were extracted from Nakai by subcritical-water extraction (SWE) with the purpose of determining how the extraction conditions affect the SWE of antioxidant properties and active components (nodakenin and decursin), and to compare pilot-scale SWE (8 L) and conventional extraction methods. The extraction yields of nodakenin and decursin in the pilot-scale system were highest at 150 °C for 10 min and 190 °C for 15 min, respectively. The extraction yield of decursin increased as the stirring speed was increased to 200-250 rpm.

Improving the quality of vegetable foodstuffs by microwave inactivation.

With the aim of improving the loss of quality in retorted vegetables, experiments on pretreatment inactivation using microwaves were carried out to allow the heating intensity to be reduced during retorting. Microwave heating reduced the bacteria level by 10 CFU/g, and was a more effective method considering the short processing time of 3 min and the required energy being 70-80% of that when using steam. The inactivation effect was due to dielectric heat generation by the high-frequency microwaves.

Hydrolysis of beta-glucan in oat flour during subcritical-water extraction.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) β-glucan is bound tightly to other components of the endosperm cell wall, which means that β-glucan extraction processes are complex and involve many different stages. Subcritical-water extraction (SWE) has emerged as a promising method for extracting β-glucan under high temperature and pressure conditions.

Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores at various germination and outgrowth stages using intense pulsed light.

It is important to inactivate spore-forming bacteria in foods because their spores are highly resistant to various stresses. Although thermal treatment is an effective inactivation method, the associated high temperatures can cause changes in food quality. Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a nonthermal technique that can effectively improve food safety.

Bactericidal effect of intense pulsed light on seeds without loss of viability.

This study investigated the microbial inactivation effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment as an alternative to chemical treatment for decontaminating the radish and pak choi seeds. The values (which indicate the resistance to IPL treatment) for radish and pak choi seeds were 24.50, 20.

Effects of approved dose of e-beam irradiation on microbiological and physicochemical qualities of dried laver products and detection of their irradiation status.

Most commercial dried laver products show higher microbial contamination. This work evaluated effects of approved dose (7 kGy)-recommended in the Korean Food Code for algal food-of electron beam (E-beam) irradiation on microbiological, physicochemical and luminescence properties of dried laver products. E-beam irradiation caused dose-dependent microbial reductions.

Antimicrobial effect of a combination of herb extract and organic acid against spores.

The sporicidal activities of the herbs were investigated to screen for novel antimicrobial substances against spores. The bacterial inactivation effects of ethanol extracts of coriander, caraway, mace at concentrations of 0.5% (w/v) and 1.

Conversion of 6-gingerol to 6-shogaol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) pulp and peel during subcritical water extraction.

Subcritical water extraction is an eco-friendly method for the extraction of less polar compounds without the use of organic solvents. This study determined the extraction conditions that maximize the contents of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol obtained from ginger pulp and peel. The highest yields of 6-gingerol (0.

Manufacture of low-benzo(a)pyrene sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) oil using a self-designed apparatus.

The aim of this study was to lower benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) contents in sesame seed oil (SSO) during manufacture by using a self-designed apparatus, to determine its optimal conditions, and to analyze antioxidants in SSO which might be related to BaP content reduction. Washing and spin-drying steps reduce exogenous BaP contamination, and the reduced moisture in seeds lowered BaP content in final SSO. A ventilation system in the roasting step inhibits BaP formation and reabsorption, followed by a controlled compression step.

Cold plasma treatment for the microbiological safety of cabbage, lettuce, and dried figs.

Microwave-powered cold plasma treatment (CPT) was evaluated as a means to improve the microbiological safety of fresh vegetables and dried fruits. The CPT at 900 W, conducted for 10 min using nitrogen as a plasma-forming gas, inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on cabbage and lettuce by approximately 1.5 log CFU/g.

Sporicidal Activities of Various Surfactant Components against Bacillus subtilis Spores.

The sporicidal activities against Bacillus subtilis spores of surfactant components with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties that can lead to the denaturation of various proteins comprising the spore structure were investigated. The reduction in spore numbers by each of the surfactant components bornyl acetate, geranyl acetate, pinene, p-cymene, camphene, citral, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, polylysine, and thiamine dilaurylsulfate at 1% was estimated at 1 to 2 log CFU/ml. The average hydrophilelipophile balance value of surfactants with sporicidal activity causing a reduction of 1 to 2 log CFU/ml was 9.