Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes from regenerated plants and root explants of endangered Oplopanax elatus.

Background: Oplopanax elatus is a plant of therapeutic significance in oriental medicine; however, its mass cultivation is limited owing to the difficulties in propagating it from seeds.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the transcriptome profiles and transcriptional regulatory factors expressed during plantlet regeneration from root tissues of the endangered O. elatus.

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of (L.) L. Extract and Isolated Compounds.

The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activities of extracts. Two flavonoids, 3'-O-methylorobol and apigenin 7-sulfate, were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of . The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts, as well as their overall antioxidant activities as measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays, were investigated.

Efficacy of Carbon Nanodots and Manganese Ferrite (MnFeO) Nanoparticles in Stimulating Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Drought-Stressed Maize Inbred Lines.

Despite being the third most-consumed crop, maize ( L.) is highly vulnerable to drought stress. The predominant secondary metabolite in plants is phenolic acids, which scavenge reactive oxygen species to minimize oxidative stress under drought stress.

The effect of different LED wavelengths on the components and biosynthesis of isoflavonoid in sprout Astragalus membranaceus.

An artificial light source is the optimal element for studying the usability of the medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus as a sprout vegetable. Based on artificial light source conditions, formononetin (FO) level was the highest (2.6 mg/L) in A.

Cellular Morphology and Transcriptome Comparative Analysis of Bunge Sprouts Cultured In Vitro under Different LED Light.

, the major components of which are saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, has been established to have excellent pharmacological activity. After ginseng, it is the second most used medicinal plant. To examine the utility of as a sprout crop for plant factory cultivation, we sought to establish a functional substance control model by comparing the transcriptomes of sprouts grown in sterile, in vitro culture using LED light sources.

Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Biological Activities of 'Dachul', a Hybrid Medicinal Plant of × , under Different Artificial Light Sources.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different artificial light sources on the growth characteristics and various biological activities of the x hybrid cv. 'Dachul', which is highly useful for medicinal purposes. The plant had the largest biomass with a plant height of 38.

Inhibitory Mechanisms of Water Extract of Oplopanax elatus on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cells.

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory action and cellular mechanism of Oplopanax elatus.

Methods: A hot water extract of OE (WOE) was prepared and a major constituent, syringin, was successfully isolated. Its content in WOE was found to be 214.

Antimicrobial activity and active compounds of a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract.

The Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) extract is used as a traditional herbal medicine in Southeast Asian countries such as Korea and China. In the present study, one phenolic acid and six flavonoids were isolated from an 80% ethanol RVS extract to examine their antimicrobial activities. These compounds were identified as 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (1), methyl gallate (2), gallic acid (3), fusti (4), fisetin (5), butin (6), and sulfuretin (7) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Anticancer Activity of an Oplopanax elatus Stem Extract and Biologically Active Isolated Compounds.

Background And Methods: Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai is used in folk medicine in China. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of an O. elatus fraction extracted by ethyl acetate (EF) was tested on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, human colon cancer HCT-116 cells, and human stomach cancer AGS cells.

Antioxidant Activity, α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Chemoprotective Properties of Rhododendron brachycarpum Leaves Extracts.

Background: Rhododendron brachycarpum (RB) is a genus of flowering plants generally used for traditional medicine in Korea to treat hypertension, neuralgia, and sterility. Previous studies have shown that RB extract alleviate inflammation and antimicrobial activity.

Objective: In this study, the effects of RB and its different fractions (n-hexane, ethyl-acetate and n-butanol) on antioxidant activity, DNA damage prevention and the activity of α-glucosidase were studied.

Anti-inflammatory and antifatigue effect of Korean Red Ginseng in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a well-known natural product with anticarcinogenic and antioxidant effects. We evaluated the antifatigue effect of KRG in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Eighty patients with NAFLD were prospectively randomized to receive 3 wk of KRG or placebo in addition to counseling on healthy eating and regular exercise.

Optimization of the extraction process for fermented stokes using response surface methodology.

Extraction conditions for extraction yield ( ), total phenolic content (TPC, ), and inhibition rate in human gastric carcinoma cells ( ) were optimized using response surface methodology for fermented stokes (FRV). Optimal extraction conditions for effective use of FRV as a biofunctional material in food and pharmaceutical industries were investigated. Independent variables were extraction temperature ( =25-105°C), extraction time ( =4-20 h), and the solvent to solid ratio ( =10-30 mL/g).

Protective effects of rutin through regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in allergic rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an allergic inflammatory disease induced by various mediators released by infiltrating inflammatory cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases the airway inflammatory response by promoting vascular permeability. Furthermore, it is known that Allium hookeri and one of its constituent compounds, rutin (RU), have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet effects.

Taurine, a major amino acid of oyster, enhances linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition.

Oysters (Oys) contain various beneficial components, such as, antioxidants and amino acids. However, the effects of Oys or taurine (Tau), a major amino acid in Oys on bone growth have not been determined. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Oys or Tau on linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition.

Probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052) reduce the expression of toll-like receptor 4 in mice with alcoholic liver disease.

Objective: The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been widely established. We evaluated the biological effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052), KRG (Korea red ginseng), and urushiol (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) on ALD, including their effects on normal and high-fat diet in mice.

Methods: One hundred C57BL/6 mice were classified into normal (N) and high-fat diet (H) groups.

Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extract enhances cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation through upregulation of intrinsic factors in the dentate gyrus of the aged gerbil.

Background: Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HL) exerts antioxidant activities against various oxidative stress conditions. In this study, we investigated effects of extract from HL leaves (HLE) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) of aged gerbils.

The (2'S,7'S)-O-(2-methylbutanoyl)-columbianetin as a novel allergic rhinitis-control agent.

Aims: The (2'S,7'S)-O-(2-methylbutanoyl)-columbianetin (OMC) is a novel secondary metabolite extracted from Corydalis heterocarpa, which has long been used as a folk medicine for various inflammatory diseases in Korea. We examined the effect of OMC on allergic rhinitis (AR).

Main Methods: We assessed the therapeutic effects and regulatory mechanisms of OMC on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus A23187-stimulated mast cell line, HMC-1 cells and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR models.

Inhibitory effects of BiRyuChe-bang on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions and inflammatory cytokines production.

BiRyuChe-bang (BRC) is a Korean prescription medicine, which has been used to treat allergic rhinitis at Kyung Hee Medical Center. In this work, we investigated the effects of BRC on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions and inflammatory cytokines production, and identified the active component of BRC. Histamine release was measured from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs).

The antiallergic mechanisms of Citrus sunki and bamboo salt (K-ALL) in an allergic rhinitis model.

The antiallergic effects of traditional medicines have long been studied. Traditional Korean medicine, Citrus sunki and bamboo salt, has been used for the treatment of allergic diseases in Korea. K-ALL, composed of Citrus sunki and bamboo salt, is a newly prepared prescription for allergic patients.

Evaluation of the effect of kaempferol in a murine allergic rhinitis model.

Kaempferol (KP) is a major compound of Naju Jjok (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.). The effect of KP on allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been elucidated.

Porcine placenta mitigates protein-energy malnutrition-induced fatigue.

Objective: Fatigue can be caused by a deficiency of nutrition or immune function. The goal of this study was to identify the effects of porcine placenta extract (PPE) and its constituents, amino acids (glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, and proline), on protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)-induced fatigue.

Methods: Mice were administered a PEM diet and came to immunodeficient status.

Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.

Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100 ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment.

Hwanggeumchal sorghum induces cell cycle arrest, and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis through Jak2/STAT pathways in breast cancer xenografts.

Background: Cancer is one of the highly virulent diseases known to humankind with a high mortality rate. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Sorghum is a principal cereal food in many parts of the world, and is critical in folk medicine of Asia and Africa.

Comparison of inflammatory cytokines changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil after transient cerebral ischemia.

Young animals appear much less vulnerable to ischemic insults. In present study, we compared neuronal damage and changes in the immunoreactivities and levels of inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and its receptor (IL-2Rβ), IL-4 and IL-13 as anti-inflammatory cytokines, in the hippocampal CA1 region between adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most (about 89%) of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons showed neuronal damage only in the adult gerbil at 4 days post-ischemia; in the young ischemia-group, about 61% of CA1 pyramidal neurons showed neuronal damage at 7 days post-ischemia.