[Regression of survivability variance upon cohort age in Drosophila melanogaster. II: Effects of geroprotective influences.].

We analyze the regression of survivability variance by cohort age in several generations of Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S stock. Three phases were detected. First and second was approximated by exponential equation and the third - by logistic dose-response curve.

[Regression of survivability variance upon cohort age in Drosophila melanogaster. 1st survivability: reaction norm and its inheritance.].

We analyze the regression of survivability variance by cohort age in several generations of Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S stock. This estimation reflects survivability reaction norm. Three phases were detected.

[On the discontinuity of the annuity curves in Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S strain. IV. Effect of low temperature on the early imaginal stage].

We tested the effect of low temperature (18-20 °C) applied at the 13-22 days of imago life. We detected prolongation of individual life span. The effect is due to prolongation of the first phase of the annuity curve and thus to further delay of the next ones.

Discontinuity of the annuity curves. III. Two types of vital variability in Drosophila melanogaster.

We confirm five-phased construction of Drosophila annuity curves established earlier. Annuity curves were composed of stable five-phase component and variable one. Variable component was due to differences in phase durations.

[Discontinuity of the annuity curves. I. Departures from Gompertz law in Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S strain].

Analysis of male imago mortality in Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S strain demonstrated deviation from Gompertz law. Annuity curves were composed of five phases divided by sharp bends. All the phases seemed to be linear.

[Discontinuity of the annuity curves. II. Variability of annuity curves in Drosophila melanogaster Canton S strain].

We analyzed «five phase» structure of Drosophila melanogaster annuity curves described earlier. It did not depend on the sample size and seemed to be stable. We argue that: 1.

Mining gene expression data for pollutants (dioxin, toluene, formaldehyde) and low dose of gamma-irradiation.

General and specific effects of molecular genetic responses to adverse environmental factors are not well understood. This study examines genome-wide gene expression profiles of Drosophila melanogaster in response to ionizing radiation, formaldehyde, toluene, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. We performed RNA-seq analysis on 25,415 transcripts to measure the change in gene expression in males and females separately.

[Towards the estimation of survival curves parameters and geroprotectors classification].

The following parameters are proposed to estimate in survival curves analysis: Median Life Span, Hill slope, Expected Maximal Life Span. Those estimates enable to classify geroprotectors as weak, moderate and strong.

[Consequences of selection in highly inbred Drosophila strains].

The results of three long-term breeding and genetic experiments with Drosophila melanogaster performed at different times are summarized. Selections for different fitness components led to similar results. The data on the concentration of viability mutations in the inbred strains LA, LA+, and LA- after 400 generations of selection and the strain ULA during its breeding are presented for the first time.

Rubus fruit juices affect lipid peroxidation in a Drosophila melanogaster model in vivo.

The antioxidant capacity of red cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) juice correlates well with its phenolic content. The red berries have a markedly higher content of anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives, than that found in the more common yellow fruit. Conversely, the yellow juice has higher ellagitannin content.

Effects of peptides on generation of reactive oxygen species in subcellular fractions of Drosophila melanogaster.

We studied the effects of Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) and Vilon (Lys-Glu) on free radical processes in highly inbred HA(+)line of Drosophila melanogaster. Vilon inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, but stimulated this process in the cytosol. We found sex- and age-related differences in the generation of reactive oxygen species and cytosol antioxidant activity.

Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster.

The effect of epithalone on the age-specific time course of lipid peroxidation was studied in inadaptive Drosophila melanogaster strains. A single dose of epithalone at the larval stage decreased the level of conjugated hydroperoxides and Schiff bases throughout the life span of imago. Strain- and sex-specific differences in the time course of the studied sign are characterized.

Effect of pineal tetrapeptide on antioxidant defense in Drosophila melanogaster.

Effects of synthetic pineal tetrapeptide L-Ala-L-Glu-L-Asp-L-Glu (Epithalon) on specific catalase activity and the content of conjugated hydroperoxides in highly inbred Drosophila melanogaster lines differing in reproductive functions were studied. It was shown that Epithalon is a potent modulator of the antioxidant defense, whose biological activity 1000-fold surpasses that of the complex pineal peptide preparation Epithalamin.

Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin increases the lifespan of fruit flies, mice and rats.

Treatment with pineal peptide preparation epithalamin was followed by the increase of the mean lifespan of female D. melanogaster, SHR mice, C3H/Sn mice and LIO rats by 11-31% (P < 0.05).

[Genetic effects of destabilizing selection for adaptively important traits in Drosophila melanogaster lines].

Related lines of Drosophila melanogaster selected for reproductive activity for more than 750 generations were studied. Results of the long-term selection experiment support D.K.

Effect of melatonin and pineal peptide preparation epithalamin on life span and free radical oxidation in Drosophila melanogaster.

It was shown previously that epithalamin delays age-related changes in reproductive and immune systems and increases the life span of mice and rats. These effects could be mediated by stimulating influences of epithalamin on synthesis and secretion of melatonin and on free radical processes. A comparative study on the effect of epithalamin and melatonin on both the life span of Drosophila melanogaster (strain HEM) and on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidative enzymes in their tissues was the main aim of this work.

[Evaluation of the heritability of basic parameters of aging in Drosophila melanogaster].

Based on 28 annuity curves of Drosophila melanogaster, the heritability of Gompertz mortality parameters was estimated; its value was 0.7-0.8.

[The effect of L-arginine on the NADPH-diaphorase activity in Drosophila melanogaster homogenates].

It was shown that L-arginine (up to 0.5 mM) competitively inhibits the NADPH-diaphorase activity in drosophila melanogaster. The value of inhibition constant is equal to 103 microM.

[A comparative genetic analysis of interlinear differences in intensity of lipid peroxidation and life span in Drosophila melanogaster. Inbred lines and hybrids].

The interrelationship between the level of peroxidation lipid and longevity was studied as based on highly inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster, bred for adaptively important characters. The concepts of the free-radical theory proved valid for the lines and failed to be supported for the crosses. The dominant role of heterosis in the protecting against the "aging action" of free radicals is postulated.

[Directed character of genetic variation during long-term selection of Drosophila melanogaster strains for adaptively important characters].

Related fly strains that were selected for differences in reproductive function for about 700 generations were studied. The low-active (LA) strain differs from other related and highly active strains of interest at a set of characters. Qualitative differences in the spectrum of viability mutations are retained in strains selected in opposite directions.

[The dynamics of mortality in inbred selected strains and their hybrids in Drosophila melanogaster].

The average life span (ALS) was analyzed in flies of the Drosophila melanogaster inbred stock selected for high embryonic mortality (HEM). In is shown that selection resulted in the reduced ALS of HEM stock, as compared with the initial outbred Leric stock. Two equal peaks of mortality were observed in the hybrid females.

[The relationship between lipid peroxidation and life span in Drosophila melanogaster].

Using Drosophila lines pre-selected for adaptive characters, studies have been made on the relationship between the intensity of lipid peroxidation and life span in flies of different genotype, age and physiological condition. It was shown that the intensity of lipid peroxidation depends mainly on different factors (sex, age, virginity) in different lines. No expected negative correlation was found between the level of lipid peroxidation and life span in hybrids between two inbred lines.