The Value-of-Information and Value-of-Implementation from Clinical Trials of Diagnostic Tests for HIV-Associated Tuberculosis: A Modeling Analysis.

Unlabelled: Conventional value-of-information (VOI) analysis assumes complete uptake of an optimal decision. We employed an extended framework that includes value-of-implementation (VOM)-the benefit of encouraging adoption of an optimal strategy-and estimated how future trials of diagnostic tests for HIV-associated tuberculosis could improve public health decision making and clinical and economic outcomes. We evaluated the clinical outcomes and costs, given current information, of 3 tuberculosis screening strategies among hospitalized people with HIV in South Africa: sputum Xpert (), sputum Xpert plus urine AlereLAM (), and sputum Xpert plus the newer, more sensitive, and costlier urine FujiLAM ().

High-risk US International Travelers Seeking Pretravel Consultation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: To assess the implications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related travel disruptions, we compared demographics and travel-related circumstances of US travelers seeking pretravel consultation regarding international travel at US Global TravEpiNet (GTEN) sites before and after the initiation of COVID-19 travel warnings.

Methods: We analyzed data in the GTEN database regarding traveler demographics and travel-related circumstances with standard questionnaires in the pre-COVID-19 period (January-December 2019) and the COVID-19 period (April 2020-March 2021), excluding travelers from January to March 2020. We conducted descriptive analyses of differences in demographics, travel-related circumstances, routine and travel-related vaccinations, and medications.

Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in the United States : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Background: The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 trial demonstrated the superiority of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) compared with oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Objective: To identify the maximum price premium (that is, greatest possible price differential) that society should be willing to accept for the additional benefits of CAB-LA over tenofovir-based PrEP among men who have sex with men and transgender women (MSM/TGW) in the United States.

Design: Simulation, cost-effectiveness analysis.

Placental Decidual Arteriopathy and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Expression Among Women With or Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WHIV) are at higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. Proposed mechanisms for the increased risk include placental arteriopathy (vasculopathy) and maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) due to antiretroviral therapy and medical comorbid conditions. However, these features and their underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms have not been well characterized in WHIV.

Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Strategies for Adults Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Approximately 356 000 people stay in homeless shelters nightly in the United States. They have high risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: To assess the estimated clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness associated with strategies for COVID-19 management among adults experiencing sheltered homelessness.

Brief Report: Chronic Placental Inflammation Among Women Living With HIV in Uganda.

Background: HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children have poorer early-life outcomes than HIV-unexposed children. The determinants of adverse health outcomes among HEU children are poorly understood but may result from chronic placental inflammation (CPI).

Setting And Methods: We enrolled 176 pregnant women living with HIV (WLWH) taking antiretroviral therapy in southwestern Uganda and 176 HIV-uninfected women to compare CPI prevalence by maternal HIV serostatus.

Clinical Outcomes, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Strategies for People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Approximately 356,000 people stay in homeless shelters nightly in the US. They are at high risk for COVID-19.

Objective: To assess clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of strategies for COVID-19 management among sheltered homeless adults.