Socioeconomic Characteristics and the Home Food Environment Are Associated With Feeding Healthful and Discretionary Foods During the First Year of Life in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study.

Background: Feeding of nutrient-poor foods begins in infancy and may adversely influence long-term food preferences.

Objective: To examine associations of socioeconomic characteristics, childbearing parent eating behaviors, and home food environment with infant feeding characteristics.

Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study from first trimester of pregnancy through 12 months postpartum.

A psychobioecological model to understand the income-food insecurity-obesity relationship.

Food insecurity, defined by unpredictable access to food that may not meet a person's nutritional needs, is associated with higher BMI (kg/m) and obesity. People with food insecurity often have less access to food, miss meals and go hungry, which can lead to psychological and metabolic changes that favor energy conservation and weight gain. We describe a conceptual model that includes psychological (food reinforcement and delay discounting) and physiological (thermic effect of food and substrate oxidation) factors to understand how resource scarcity associated with food insecurity evolves into the food insecurity-obesity paradox.

Associations of Appetitive Traits and Parental Feeding Style With Diet Quality During Early Childhood.

Background: Appetitive traits and parent feeding styles are associated with body mass index in children, yet their associations with child diet quality are unclear.

Objective: The objective was to examine relations of appetitive traits and parental feeding style with diet quality in 3.5-year-old children.

Anthropometric Changes During Pregnancy and Their Association with Adequacy of Gestational Weight Gain.

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an expected component of a healthy pregnancy. Gaining weight within the recommended range helps support the mother's health by providing energy reserves and nutrients to meet the increased metabolic demands during pregnancy. Too much or too little GWG has been associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and child.

Effectiveness of a paediatric weight management intervention for rural youth (iAmHealthy): Primary outcomes of a cluster randomised control trial.

Background: Youth in rural areas are disproportionally affected by obesity. Given the unique barriers rural populations face, tailoring and increasing access to obesity interventions is necessary.

Objective: This paper evaluates the effectiveness of iAmHealthy, a family-based paediatric obesity intervention delivered to rural children, compared to a Newsletter Control.

Association of stress on eating competence in mothers during pregnancy and six months postpartum.

Background: Perceived stress is related to poor diet quality and unhealthy dietary patterns in women of reproductive age. Eating competence represents a variety of contextual skills reflecting a comfortable and flexible approach to eating and is associated with diet quality and health related behavior. In non-pregnant samples, perceived stress is negatively associated with eating competence.

Developmental trajectory of appetitive traits and their bidirectional relations with body mass index from infancy to early childhood.

Appetitive traits, including food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating, are associated with childhood body mass index. Change in appetitive traits from infancy to childhood and the direction of causality between appetitive traits and body mass index are unclear. The present study examined the developmental trajectory of appetitive traits and their bidirectional relations with body mass index, from infancy to early childhood.

Health-related behaviors and weight-related outcomes within sibling pairs: A systematic review.

Background: Siblings reciprocally contribute to mutual social and physical development. The aim of this review was to examine the health-related behaviors and weight-related outcomes within child-sibling pairs and to determine how these factors vary by sibling composition.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of studies published since 2000 obtained from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Health and Wellness, and Science Direct was performed.

Leveraging behavioral genetics methods to accelerate obesity protection discovery: the Augmented T0 Discordant Sibling Design.

Researchers have been reimagining strategies to accelerate the pacing of translational science progress so that basic T0 discoveries can be converted more efficiently to T1 to T4 interventions. This is certainly true in the context of childhood obesity prevention given its complex etiology and heterogeneity. Here it is submitted that behavioral genetics methods, which have transformed the understanding of childhood obesity risk, have unrealized potential to accelerate translational science into childhood obesity protection (i.

Associations of parent feeding behaviors and early life food exposures with early childhood appetitive traits in an observational cohort study.

Purpose: Child appetitive traits, eating styles that reflect responsiveness to external influences and internal hunger and satiety signals, are associated with eating behaviors and susceptibility to excess weight gain. However, relatively little is known about early life influences on child appetitive traits. This study investigated relations of early life maternal feeding behaviors and food exposures with appetitive traits at age 3.

Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity: Longitudinal study update.

Objective: A previous report from our group identified directionally unfavorable dietary and lifestyle behavior trends in longitudinally monitored children and adolescents with obesity early in the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The current study aimed at extending these previous observations in youths with obesity on the dietary and lifestyle behavioral consequences of the extended COVID-19 lockdown in Verona, Italy.

Methods: The sample included 32 children and adolescents with obesity participating in the longitudinal OBELIX study.

Prospective relations of maternal reward-related eating, pregnancy ultra-processed food intake and weight indicators, and feeding mode with infant appetitive traits.

Background: Infant appetitive traits including eating rate, satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food predict weight gain in infancy and early childhood. Although studies show a strong genetic influence on infant appetitive traits, the association of parent and infant appetite is understudied. Furthermore, little research examines the influence of maternal pregnancy dietary intake, weight indicators, and feeding mode on infant appetite.

'eatNplay' - a rurally-tailored, family-based, telehealth intervention for childhood obesity: Protocol for a mixed-methods randomized newsletter controlled pilot study.

Background: Childhood obesity disproportionately affects rural communities where access to pediatric weight control services is limited. Telehealth may facilitate access to these services.

Objective: This paper describes the rationale, curriculum, and methodology for conducting a randomized controlled pilot trial of a rural, family-based, telehealth intervention that aims to improve weight-related behaviors among children, compared to monthly newsletters.

Prospective relations between maternal emotional eating, feeding to soothe, and infant appetitive behaviors.

Background: Infant obesogenic appetitive behaviors are associated with greater infant weight and child obesity, yet little is known about maternal influences on infant appetitive behaviors. This study examines the relations between maternal eating behaviors, feeding to soothe, and infant appetitive behaviors in a longitudinal sample of United States mothers.

Methods: Pregnant women were recruited in the first trimester (< 12 weeks) and followed through 1 year postpartum.

Using food network analysis to understand meal patterns in pregnant women with high and low diet quality.

Background: Little is known about how meal-specific food intake contributes to overall diet quality during pregnancy, which is related to numerous maternal and child health outcomes. Food networks are probabilistic graphs using partial correlations to identify relationships among food groups in dietary intake data, and can be analyzed at the meal level. This study investigated food networks across meals in pregnant women and explored differences by overall diet quality classification.

Interplay between Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Early Childhood Negative Temperament, and Slowness in Eating on Early Childhood Rapid Weight Gain.

Early childhood eating behaviors and temperament have been linked to excess weight gain in separate lines of research. However, the interplay among these variables along with maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) in predicting rapid weight gain is poorly understood. This observational study tested superfactors of early childhood temperament using the and their relationships with eating behavior using the on rapid weight gain among 9-18 months children ( = 283).

Temperament and eating self-regulation in young children with or at risk for obesity: An exploratory report.

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between temperament and eating self-regulation in early childhood, despite emerging evidence for associations with pediatric obesity.

Method: The aim of this exploratory report was to examine the associations between three eating behaviors and three facets of temperament among 4- to 8-year-olds with or at risk for obesity.

Results: Among 28 participants in a family intervention to reduce eating speed, we found at baseline that slower child eating speed was associated with less surgency (r = -.

Poorer mental health and sleep quality are associated with greater self-reported reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum: an observational cohort study.

Background: Depression, stress, and poor-quality sleep are common during pregnancy and postpartum, but the relationship of these factors with reward-related eating is not well understood. This observational cohort study examines associations of depression, stress, and sleep quality with self-reported reward-related eating in pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods: Participants were enrolled at < 12 weeks gestation and followed through 1 year postpartum.

Body Weight Perception and Health-Related Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Body Weight Control Behaviors.

This study examined mediating effects of body weight control behaviors in the relationship between body weight perception and health-related behaviors among 11,458 U.S. adolescents from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey.

Evaluating a Board Game Designed to Promote Young Children's Delay of Gratification.

Objective: Delay of gratification, or the extent to which one can resist the temptation of an immediate reward and wait for a larger reward later, is a self-regulatory skill that predicts positive outcomes. The aim of this research was to conduct initial tests of the effects of a board game designed to increase children's delay of gratification via two experimental studies.

Methods: Preschool children were randomized to play the study game or a control game.

The accelerator, the brake, and the terrain: associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with diet quality during pregnancy and postpartum in the pregnancy eating attributes study (PEAS) cohort.

Background: Neurobehavioral factors, including reward-related eating and self-regulation, in conjunction with the food environment, may influence dietary behaviors. However, these constructs have not been examined in pregnancy and postpartum, a time of changing appetite and eating behaviors, and when dietary intake has implications for maternal and child health. This study examined associations of reward-related eating, self-regulation, and the home food environment with pregnancy and postpartum diet quality.

Eating in the Absence of Hunger Is Related to Worse Diet Quality throughout Pregnancy.

Background: Scant research has examined whether laboratory assessments of eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) relates to long-term diet quality.

Objective: This study investigates the association of EAH with diet quality during pregnancy.

Design: Pregnancy diet quality was assessed using 24-hour diet recalls collected in each pregnancy trimester.

Pregnant Women Consume a Similar Proportion of Highly vs Minimally Processed Foods in the Absence of Hunger, Leading to Large Differences in Energy Intake.

Background: The eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) experimental paradigm measures intake of highly palatable, highly processed foods when sated. However, no studies have examined EAH in pregnant women.

Objective: The objectives were to investigate whether EAH in pregnant women differs by level of food processing and to examine relationships of EAH with hedonic hunger, addictive-like eating, and impulsivity.

High intake of added sugars is linked to rapid weight gain in infancy, breastfeeding ≥12 months may protect against this: A preliminary investigation.

Background: Consumption of added sugars is linked to excess adiposity in older age groups and breastfeeding has been shown to protect against later obesity.

Objectives: This investigation aimed to determine whether intake of added sugars associates with rapid weight gain in individuals under 2 years of age, if intake of added sugars associates with breastfeeding duration, and how both influence body weight.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of data from three 24-hours dietary recalls collected from 141 infants/toddlers (age 11.