Ectopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus.

Ectopic gastric mucosa is a known entity of the mid and lower esophagus which was initially described by Schmidt in 1805. The presence of ectopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus, however, was not described. A review of the literature reveals that ectopic gastric mucosa of the cervical esophagus is not uncommon, but symptoms rarely have been attributed to its presence.

Otolaryngologic manifestations of the ectodermal dysplasias--clinical note.

The recent formation of a national organization for ectodermal dysplasias has focused attention on this unusual congenital problem. In any rare condition, information dissemination is essential in order to appropriately educate the patients' families and the physicians caring for them. The otolaryngologist is a vital component of the health care team managing these patients.

Pulmonic stenosis in the dog: 29 cases (1975-1984).

In a retrospective study of 29 dogs with congenital pulmonic stenosis, we evaluated the clinical, radiographic, angiocardiographic, and cardiac catheterization data. Eighteen dogs had no clinical signs of disease and were referred for evaluation of a previously detected cardiac murmur, 5 dogs had congestive right-sided heart failure, and 5 dogs were examined for exercise intolerance or syncope. Dogs with heart failure tended to be older than dogs without clinical signs of heart failure (19.

Salivary gland disease in children: a review. Part 1: Acquired non-neoplastic disease.

The early recognition of salivary gland disease depends upon a high index of suspicion by the clinician. A systematic approach to salivary gland disease in children is presented by a group of algorithms, which is supplemented by a discussion of the historical, physical, and diagnostic test findings characteristic of salivary gland pathology. Therapeutic alternatives are discussed for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders.

Use of the neodymium/yttrium aluminum garnet laser in middle ear surgery: a preliminary report.

Clinical usefulness of the neodymium/yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser in surgery of the middle ear is unproven. An animal study was designed to examine the influence of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on cochlear potentials following vaporization of the stapes. Electrocochleagraphic changes were observed in two of the five animals studied, and caution is advised before using this instrument in humans.

Airway obstruction in an immunosuppressed child.

Recipients of organ transplants who require continuous immunosuppression appear to have an increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders. A case of severe upper airway obstruction resulted from adenotonsillar hypertrophy in a 2-year-old girl following liver transplantation. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy dramatically reversed the airway problem and confirmed a transplant-associated lymphoproliferative disorder.

Laryngotracheal stenosis in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.

Laryngotracheal stenosis has not been reported previously as a manifestation of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Two recent cases are reported detailing the upper airway pathology encountered. The clinical features of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia are reviewed in an attempt to develop a treatment protocol for such patients with laryngotracheal stenosis.

Contemporary surgical management of laryngeal stenosis in children.

Both congenital and acquired subglottic stenoses are common problems in pediatric otolaryngology, but their treatment remains controversial. While conservative therapy, consisting of dilation and observation, may be appropriate for congenital stenoses, open surgical procedures are generally needed to correct acquired stenoses. Two major reconstructive methods, costal cartilage grafting and laryngotracheoplasty, are currently in use.

Nasal obstruction in the pediatric patient.

Early signals of pathologic causes of nasal obstruction in childhood may pass unnoticed by the unsuspecting physician because these signals mimic innocuous problems such as the common cold, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis. The hope for early recognition of the more serious causes of nasal obstruction in children depends upon a high degree of suspicion. Some of the common and uncommon causes of nasal obstruction are enumerated by categorizing the possible etiologies into congenital, traumatic, iatrogenic, inflammatory, and neoplastic classifications.

Laryngeal cystic hygroma.

An unusual case of cervical cystic hygroma with laryngeal extension is reported. A patient with acute upper airway obstruction due to a laryngeal lesion was seen 18 years after the original cervical surgery. Maintenance of an adequate airway has required a partial laryngectomy in addition to repeated endoscopic procedures for removal of recurrent disease.