Development and application of artificial intelligence-based facial skin image diagnosis system: Changes in facial skin characteristics with ageing in Korean women.

Objective: To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic system for analysing facial skin images using expert judgements and explore its feasibility for skin ageing research, specifically by evaluating facial skin changes in Korean women of various ages.

Methods: Our AI-based facial skin diagnosis system (Dr. AMORE®) uses facial images of Korean women to analyse wrinkles, pigmentation, skin pores, and other skin red spots.

Study for skin gloss perception using computer modulation and frequency separation on surface reflection.

Objective: Skin gloss is a parameter of beauty and health and is used to evaluate the efficacy of makeup or skin care products. Skin gloss is a perception-based characteristic, which yet needs to be evaluated quantitatively and objectively. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the perception of matte, glossiness and greasiness on Korean women's skin, focusing on the effect of surface reflection.

Evaluation of changes in skin characteristics due to the poor quality of sleep caused by smartphone usage.

Background: Blue wavelengths are thought to have an effect on circadian rhythms. Using a smartphone, which emits a 453 nm blue light, can worsen the quality of sleep.

Aims: To study the skin changes caused by poor sleep quality induced by smartphone usage.

Skin characteristics following repeated exposure to simulated outdoor and indoor summer temperatures in South Korea and Southeast Asia.

Background: Although changes in skin depend on the external environment, researchers have performed only a few studies on effect of the actual environment. Most studies have researched skin characterization based on changes in the humidity or temperature.

Aim/objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the skin based on the difference in indoor and outdoor temperatures and humidity during summer in South Korea and Southeast Asia.

Quantitative evaluation of facial sagging in different body postures using a three-dimensional imaging technique.

Background: The possible contribution of head flexion posture while using a smartphone to the formation of "smartphone face," is an increasing concern. Smartphone face describes the facial changes in a stooped posture receiving more gravitational pull on the jowl area.

Aims: In this study, we quantified facial sagging in different postural changes using a three-dimensional imaging technique.

A study of skin characteristics with long-term sleep restriction in Korean women in their 40s.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated increased pore size and darkening skin color with total sleep deprivation. There are many studies of skin characteristics with short-term sleep restriction, but there are few studies on skin characteristics when sleep is restricted more than three consecutive days. This study evaluated skin changes with sleep limited to 4 hours per night for six nights.

Perception of the blue light effect on Korean women's faces using the blue pearl pigment.

Background: Transparent-looking skin is an objective of facial makeup products. However, this effect of makeup products has not been investigated to Korean women's faces.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the perception of blue light on women's faces using the blue pearl pigment.

A study of skin characteristics according to humidity during sleep.

Introduction: During sleep, the skin is exposed to various environments for example low or high humidity and temperature. And the average of 7-8 hours of sleeping in those situations can affect skin condition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine skin characteristics according to humidity during sleep.

An evaluation of the effects of makeup on perceived age based on skin color in Korean women.

Background: Makeup has been shown to increase women's attractiveness, perceived femininity, and self-confidence and reduce their perceived age. Some of these results were caused by facial contrast and visible skin color. However, they did not investigate makeup benefit by focusing skin color change.

Age-related changes in lip morphological and physiological characteristics in Korean women.

Objective: Age-related changes in lip morphological and physiological characteristics are key indices for estimating age based on facial features, as reported in many studies. Yet, a majority of studies have focused on Caucasian individuals, with few studies characterizing these changes in Asian female populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate lip morphological and physiological characteristics in a cohort of Korean women.

Comparison of skin properties in individuals living in cities at two different altitudes: an investigation of the environmental effect on skin.

Background: Skin properties vary depending on exogenous factors. Various studies have been used for comparing skin properties between cities for studying environment influence on skin properties. However, for comparison of skin properties between cities, various environmental factors have to be considered.

Single cystathionine β-synthase domain-containing proteins modulate development by regulating the thioredoxin system in Arabidopsis.

Plant thioredoxins (Trxs) participate in two redox systems found in different cellular compartments: the NADP-Trx system (NTS) in the cytosol and mitochondria and the ferredoxin-Trx system (FTS) in the chloroplast, where they function as redox regulators by regulating the activity of various target enzymes. The identities of the master regulators that maintain cellular homeostasis and modulate timed development through redox regulating systems have remained completely unknown. Here, we show that proteins consisting of a single cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domain pair stabilize cellular redox homeostasis and modulate plant development via regulation of Trx systems by sensing changes in adenosine-containing ligands.

Structural basis for the recognition of N-end rule substrates by the UBR box of ubiquitin ligases.

The N-end rule pathway is a regulated proteolytic system that targets proteins containing destabilizing N-terminal residues (N-degrons) for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in eukaryotes. The N-degrons of type 1 substrates contain an N-terminal basic residue that is recognized by the UBR box domain of the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR1. We describe structures of the UBR box of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UBR1 alone and in complex with N-degron peptides, including that of the cohesin subunit Scc1, which is cleaved and targeted for degradation at the metaphase-anaphase transition.