Development of vegetative oil sorghum: From lab-to-field.

Biomass crops engineered to accumulate energy-dense triacylglycerols (TAG or 'vegetable oils') in their vegetative tissues have emerged as potential feedstocks to meet the growing demand for renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Unlike oil palm and oilseed crops, the current commercial sources of TAG, vegetative tissues, such as leaves and stems, only transiently accumulate TAG. In this report, we used grain (Texas430 or TX430) and sugar-accumulating 'sweet' (Ramada) genotypes of sorghum, a high-yielding, environmentally resilient biomass crop, to accumulate TAG in leaves and stems.

Association Between Air Pollution and Osteoporosis with High-Risk Populations: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Air pollution has been raised as a novel risk factor for osteoporosis, which impose a huge burden on both individuals and society. Thus, summarizing and discussing previous results on the association between ambient air pollution and osteoporosis can be informative in synthesizing the current evidence and improving relevant action plans.

Recent Findings: Recent studies reported that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and related outcomes; however, the studied populations, air pollutants, areas, and results on high-risk populations are heterogeneous.

Tailoring Dielectric Properties and Dimensional Stability of Poly(Phenylene Ether) Using Bismaleimide Crosslinkers for High-Frequency PCB Applications.

With the increasing demand for high-performance printed circuit boards (PCBs) in the 6G communication era, dielectric substrate materials must exhibit a low dielectric constant (D), low dielectric loss (D), and high dimensional stability. In this study, a series of bismaleimide-incorporated poly(phenylene ether) resins (PPE-BMI) with varying bismaleimide (BMI) crosslinker contents is developed, exhibiting significantly enhanced dielectric properties and dimensional stability, owing to the restricted polymer chain mobility and increased crosslinking density. Dielectric property measurements reveal that the PPE-BMI resins exhibit low D and D values at frequencies above 100 GHz, while maintaining an excellent dielectric performance even after an 85 °C/85% relative humidity reliability test.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Fully Automated Quantitative Coronary Angiography vs Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided PCI (FLASH Trial).

Background: Recently developed artificial intelligence-based coronary angiography (AI-QCA, fully automated) provides real-time, objective, and reproducible quantitative analysis of coronary angiography without requiring additional time or labor.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AI-QCA-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided PCI in terms of post-PCI results.

Methods: This trial enrolled 400 patients with significant coronary artery disease undergoing PCI from 13 participating centers in South Korea.

Association between insulin-associated gene polymorphisms and new-onset diabetes mellitus in statin-treated patients.

Background: While statins are effective at managing lipid levels, there is growing evidence for new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). The insulin signalling pathway (ISP) inhibited by statins is one of the potential mechanisms; however, most studies have been limited to in vitro settings. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the genetic associations within the ISP-related genes and NODM.

Rare Case of Germline GATA2-Deficiency With Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: Germline GATA2-deficiency usually manifests as immunodeficiencies and myeloid neoplasms and sometimes with dermatological diseases, including warts, panniculitis, and skin cancers.

Case: We report a 36-year-old woman with germline GATA2-deficiency who developed Merkel cell carcinoma followed by acute myeloid leukemia. Molecular analysis revealed a germline GATA2 S447R variant, not reported from the previous reported case, suggesting a potential association with Merkel cell carcinoma.

Changes in the flavor formation and sensory attributes of Maillard reaction products by different oxidation degrees of beef tallow via cold plasma.

It remains unclear how the oxidation degree of animal fat affects the flavor formation and sensory attributes of Maillard reaction products (MRPs). To oxidize beef tallow differentially under mild conditions, an atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP) was applied due to its easy, economical, and controllable manipulation and effectiveness. As the duration of APCP increased after 10 min, the oxidation degree of beef tallow increased significantly (p < 0.

Gremlin-2 is a novel tumor suppressor that negatively regulates ID1 in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is closely associated with obesity. Gremlin-2 (GREM2), an antagonist for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), has been considered an inhibitor of adipogenic differentiation in adipose-derived stromal/stem cells. However, the role of GREM2 in breast cancer cells remains largely unknown, and its signaling mechanism has yet to be clarified.

Use of antipsychotic drugs during radiotherapy in adult cancer patients in Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study based on the national health insurance service database.

Background: Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are used for treating mental illnesses and are also used by cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate APD use in adult cancer patients who received radiotherapy (RT) in South Korea and assess the effects of APD use during RT on survival.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the National Health Insurance Service database database of Korea.

CRHBP, a novel multiple cancer biomarker connected with better prognosis and anti-tumorigenicity.

Background: The corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein (CRHBP) plays a crucial role in regulating corticotropin release. Little is known about the role of CRHBP, a major regulator of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and stress adaptation, in tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular landscapes of CRHBP in various types of tumors.

Analyzing evaluation methods for large language models in the medical field: a scoping review.

Background: Owing to the rapid growth in the popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), various performance evaluation studies have been conducted to confirm their applicability in the medical field. However, there is still no clear framework for evaluating LLMs.

Objective: This study reviews studies on LLM evaluations in the medical field and analyzes the research methods used in these studies.

Mastering seismic time series response predictions using an attention-Mamba transformer model for bridge bearings and piers across varied testing conditions.

This research introduces an advanced method for predicting seismic responses and hysteresis curves of instrumented bridge piers and bearings under various loading conditions, leaning solely on a single deep learning architecture and the same hyperparameters tuning. Test specimens are subjected to ground accelerations including vertical seismic loads and axial forces. To accurately capture peak values, particularly on the negative side of the hysteresis loop (unloading region), the model employs a stacked deep architecture.

Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma: a single institution-based study of 29 patients by clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic approaches.

Fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a renal neoplasm associated with FH loss, aggressive behaviour, and poor survival. We present a histopathological and immunohistochemical overview of FH-deficient RCC to infer significant features for its differential diagnosis. In this study, FH-deficient RCC tissue samples from patients who underwent surgical resection or biopsy at a single institution between July 1995 and August 2022 were reviewed by conventional haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and whole genome analyses.

Sublethal impacts of Hebei Spirit oil spill on the growth and reproductive physiology of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas at Taean on the West Coast of Korea (2008-2010).

Following the Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) in December 2007, benthic organisms of the Taean coast on the west coast of Korea were heavily affected. A month after HSOS, the alkyl PAHs in the oyster body elevated to 13,500 ng/g dry wt, although it dropped to 5335 ng/g dry wt in December 2008, and returned to the levels before the accident (547-858 ng/g dry wt) by 2010. In 2008 spring, the damaged oysters exhibited deteriorated growth and reproduction, exhibiting signs of physiological stress.

Does posterior longitudinal ligament resection during cervical artificial disc replacement affect the clinical or radiographic outcome?

Background Context: Much controversy exists about whether posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) resection should be performed during cervical artificial disc replacement (ADR). The PLL can be resected or preserved during the ADR procedure based on the shape and location of the compressive pathology. However, unlike fusion operations, the outcomes of ADR may be affected by PLL resection since segmental motion is preserved with ADR and the PLL restricts flexion of the segment.