Pituitary Gland Macroadenoma with Associated Hearing Loss.

Pituitary macroadenomas are benign neoplasms that can cause a range of symptoms due to a mass effect on surrounding structures. This case report describes a 51-year-old male presenting with progressive bilateral hearing impairment and significant deterioration in speech discrimination over several years. Examination revealed normal tympanic membranes and no neurological deficits, while pure tone audiometry indicated mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss.

Redefining the Role of Cobalt Oxide in Ethane Dehydroaromatization: Insights into Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Stability.

Cobalt is recognized as an active catalyst in ethane dehydroaromatization (EDA) reactions due to its efficient ethane cracking capability. In order to optimize cobalt's strong ethane cracking capability, it was loaded onto HZSM-5 zeolite through impregnation. This study was conducted with Co-loaded HZSM-5 catalysts with an incipient wetness impregnation method and witnessed an increase of catalytic activity with a long induction period.

PM and hospitalizations through the emergency department in people with disabilities: a nationwide case-crossover study in South Korea.

Background: Little is known about the impact of PM on people with disabilities. We aimed to explore the association between PM and hospitalization via the emergency department (ED admission) among people with disabilities, together with the attributable ED admission cases and costs.

Methods: We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design adjusting ozone, holiday, and temperature using seven years (2015-2021) of claim-based data on ED admissions from the Korean National Health Insurance Database.

Brief Report: Protease Inhibitors Versus Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and the Risk of Cancer Among People With HIV.

Background: The effect of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) class on cancer risk in people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear.

Setting: Cohort study of 36,322 PWH enrolled (1996-2014) in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design.

Methods: We followed individuals from ART initiation (protease inhibitor [PI]-, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]-, or integrase strand transfer inhibitor [INSTI]-based) until incident cancer, death, loss-to-follow-up, 12/31/2014, 85 months (intention-to-treat analyses [ITT]), or 30 months (per-protocol [PP] analyses).

Peroxiredoxin 1-Toll-like receptor 4-p65 axis inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation.

Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), an intracellular antioxidant enzyme, has emerged as a regulator of inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Despite this, the mechanistic details of the PRDX1-TLR4 axis and its impact on osteoclast differentiation remain elusive. Here, we show that PRDX1 suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.

Increased risk of injury and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and effects of pharmacotherapy: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in South Korea.

Children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk of accidents and injuries, and ADHD medication has been shown to mitigate this risk in these populations. However, the injury risk and the influence of ADHD medication in adults with ADHD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the injury risk in adults with ADHD and assess the impact of ADHD medication on this risk.

Repair of Acute Grade-3 Combined Posterolateral Corner Avulsion Injuries Using a Transosseous Krackow Suture Pull-Through Technique.

Background: For complete disruption of the posterolateral corner (PLC) structures, operative treatment is most commonly advocated, as nonoperative treatment has higher rates of persistent lateral laxity and posttraumatic arthritis. Some studies have shown that acute direct repair results in revision rates upwards of 37% to 40% compared with 6% to 9% for initial reconstruction. In a recent study assessing the outcomes of acute repair of PLC avulsion injuries with 2 to 7 years of follow-up, patients with adequate tissue were shown to have a much lower failure rate than previously documented.

Lateralizing Value of Artificial Intelligence-Based Segmentation Software in MRI-Negative Focal Epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: The magnetic resonance images (MRIs) ability of lesion detection in epilepsy is crucial for a diagnosis and surgical outcome. Using automated artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools for measuring cortical thickness and brain volume originally developed for dementia, we aimed to identify whether it could lateralize epilepsy with normal MRIs.

Methods: Non-lesional 3-Tesla MRIs of 428 patients diagnosed with focal epilepsy, based on semiology and electroencephalography findings, were analyzed.

DMOIT: denoised multi-omics integration approach based on transformer multi-head self-attention mechanism.

Multi-omics data integration has become increasingly crucial for a deeper understanding of the complexity of biological systems. However, effectively integrating and analyzing multi-omics data remains challenging due to their heterogeneity and high dimensionality. Existing methods often struggle with noise, redundant features, and the complex interactions between different omics layers, leading to suboptimal performance.

The Efficacy of Organic Filter-Based Sunscreens in Alleviating Symptoms and Enhancing the Condition of Sensitive Skin.

Background: Sensitive skin causes discomfort from irritants, impacting quality of life. While hypoallergenic moisturizers help prevent moisture loss, some ingredients can still cause irritation. Treatments like steroids and calcineurin inhibitors have side effects, and chemical sunscreens can cause irritation in sensitive skin.

Classifying intentions for carbon neutrality participation through latent class analysis.

This study aims to classify citizens' intentions to participate in carbon neutrality activities, emphasizing the crucial role of public engagement in achieving sustainability goals amid the climate crisis. The climate crisis has rapidly become one of the most pressing challenges to global sustainable development, with carbon neutrality as a key objective. To understand variations in citizens' willingness to engage in carbon neutrality efforts, we conducted a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) on responses from 800 residents of Cheongju, South Korea, categorizing their willingness to participate in 13 different carbon neutrality activities.

Ductile fracture prediction in thin-walled structures through a novel damage model.

Damage models have significantly advanced predictions of ductile fractures in large, thin-walled structures like automobiles, ships, and aircraft. However, accurately predicting these fractures remains challenging due to variations in strain localization, ranging from biaxial compression to tension. This study introduces a specialized damage model for shell elements, utilizing data from shear, uniaxial, and plane tension tests.

Breast cancers with neuroendocrine differentiation: Retrospective case studies series from a single institution based on the 2019 WHO classification.

Background: The World Health Organization's fifth edition of tumor series classification was published in 2019 and adopted the term 'Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN)' to encompass all tumor classes with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). Based on the updated classification of the NEN, we conducted a case series using the Clinical Data Warehouse platform of SMC.

Methods: In this retrospective study, breast NENs and invasive breast carcinomas no special type (IBCNST) with NED, were defined as 'NENS'.

Computer Assisted Nodule Analysis and Risk Yield is Associated With Occult Lymph Node Status in Clinical Stage I-IIA Lung Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Resection.

Background: Current staging work-up does not capture all occult lymph node (OLN) disease. We sought to determine if Computer Assisted Nodule Analysis and Risk Yield (CANARY) analysis could help distinguish OLN status in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Retrospective review of resected lung cancer patients from 2016 to 2021 was performed.

A neurodegenerative cellular stress response linked to dark microglia and toxic lipid secretion.

The brain's primary immune cells, microglia, are a leading causal cell type in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the mechanisms by which microglia can drive neurodegeneration remain unresolved. Here, we discover that a conserved stress signaling pathway, the integrated stress response (ISR), characterizes a microglia subset with neurodegenerative outcomes.

Ligand Inter-Relation Analysis Via Graph Theory Predicts Macrophage Response.

Graph theory has been widely used to quantitatively analyze complex networks of molecules, materials, and cells. Analyzing the dynamic complex structure of extracellular matrix can predict cell-material interactions but has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, graph theory-based mathematical modeling of RGD ligand graph inter-relation is demonstrated by differentially cutting off RGD-to-RGD interlinkages with flexibly conjugated magnetic nanobars (MNBs) with tunable aspect ratio.

Development of a web-based high-throughput marker design program: CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) Maker.

Background: Genetic markers are crucial for breeding crops with desired agronomic traits, and their development can be expedited using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics tools. Numerous tools have been developed to design molecular markers, enhancing the convenience, accuracy, and efficiency of molecular breeding. However, these tools primarily focus on genetic variants within short user-input sequences, despite the availability of extensive omics data for genomic variants.

Dysregulation of mRNA expression by hsa-miR-186 overexpression in arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis.

Dysregulated miRNA expression contributes to development of arsenic-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). hsa-miR-186 (miR-186) is overexpressed in arsenical cSCC tissues as well as in preclinical cell line model of arsenical cSCC. Simultaneous miR-186 overexpression and chronic inorganic trivalent arsenite (iAs; 100 nM) exposure transformed human HaCaT cell line preferentially over miR-186 overexpression or iAs exposure alone.

The protective impact of myricetin against PM-induced cellular apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM) exposure is responsible for skin inflammation, aging, and disruption of skin homeostasis. The objective of this investigation was to assess the potential of myricetin in protecting against skin damage caused by PM.

Higher Circulating Resistin Levels Linked to Increased Sarcopenia Risk in Older Adults.

Context: Experimental evidence indicates that resistin, an adipokine, negatively impacts muscle metabolism by hindering myogenesis.

Objective: To explore resistin's potential as a biomarker of muscle health in humans by examining the relationship between circulating resistin levels and sarcopenia in older adults.

Design And Setting: A case-control study conducted in a geriatric clinical unit.

Unraveling Serial Degradation Pathways of Supported Catalysts through Reliable Electrochemical Liquid-Cell TEM Analysis.

Electrochemical liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (e-LCTEM) offers great potential for investigating the structural dynamics of nanomaterials during electrochemical reactions. However, challenges arise from the difficulty in achieving the optimal electrolyte thickness, leading to inconsistent electrochemical responses and limited spatial resolution. In this study, we present advanced e-LCTEM techniques tailored for tracking Pt/C degradation under electrochemical polarization at short intervals with high spatial resolution.

Activity-Drop of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in LiNO Based "Hydronium-in-Salt" Acidic Electrolytes on Platinum Enables Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) involves multiple hydrogenation and deoxygenation steps, which compete with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Therefore, NORR driven in acidic media is challenging in spite of advantageous fast hydrogen transfers in its elementary steps. The findings presented in this article first demonstrate that the NORR is significantly activated even in acidic lithium nitrate solutions at LiNO concentrations exceeding 6 m on a Pt electrode (the highly effective catalyst for HER) by the formation of a "hydronium-in-salt" electrolyte (HISE), a new type of aqueous high concentration salt electrolyte.

Associations between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk through mammographic breast density in a cohort of Korean women.

Background: Mammographic breast density has been suggested to play a role as a mediator between the risk factors for breast cancer (BC) and BC risk. We investigated the extent to which never breastfeeding is a risk factor for BC and how this risk is further mediated by increased mammographic breast density.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 4 136 723 women aged ≥40 years who underwent mammographic screening between 2009 and 2010 and were followed up until 31 December 2020.

Flexible Electrical Energy Storage Structure with Variable Stiffness for Soft Robotics and Wearable Electronics.

Based on the analysis of the structures of robots and electronics developed so far, it should be noted that a majority of them need a reservoir for electrical energy storage. Unfortunately, most off-the-shelf devices commercially available nowadays are based on rigid parts that heavily limit the possibilities of incorporating such products into soft robots and wearable electronics. To address these issues, a new type of flexible structure for electrical energy storage, which consists of small battery cells connected by liquid metal paths, was proposed.

Optimal Sensor Placement for Motion Tracking of Soft Wearables Using Bayesian Sampling.

Soft sensors integrated or attached to robots or human bodies enable rapid and accurate estimation of the physical states of the target systems, including position, orientation, and force. While the use of a number of sensors enhances precision and reliability in estimation, it may constrain the movement of the target system or make the entire system complex and bulky. This article proposes a rapid, efficient framework for determining where to place the sensors on the system given the limited number of available sensors.