Growth-Inhibiting, Bactericidal, Antibiofilm, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Flower Constituents toward Antibiotic Sensitive- and Resistant-Strains of .

The aim of the present study was to assess antimicrobial effects of naringenin (NRG), luteolin (LUT), myricetin (MCT), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) identified in a flower against two reference strains and five clinical isolates of . NRG displayed the most growth inhibitory and bactericidal activities to seven bacterial strains including six strains resistant to one or several antibiotics, azithromycin (MIC, 16-32 mg/L), erythromycin (MIC, 32 mg/L), levofloxacin (MIC, 32 mg/L), and/or metronidazole (24-64 mg/L), followed by LUT and MCT, while PCA showed weak activities toward the strains. These constituents had similar antibacterial activities toward the seven tested strains suggesting that these constituents and the antibiotics do not have a common mechanism of anti- activity.