Developing Topics.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating form of dementia, and its prevalence is rising as human lifespan increases. Our lab created the AD-BXD mouse model, which expresses AD mutations across a genetically diverse reference panel (BXD), to identify factors that confer resilience to cognitive decline in AD. This model mimics key characteristics of human AD including variation in age of onset and severity of cognitive decline.

Disability and the Dermatology Patient- Part 2: Supporting Patients with Disabilities.

Dermatologic disease can result in disability. In part two of this continuing medical education (CME) article, we highlight disabilities that may result from dermatologic conditions. We introduce guidelines for caring for patients with disabilities including how to identify, assess, and document patients' disabilities and provide patient-centered care and support.

Disability and the Dermatology Patient- Part 1: Improving Access to Dermatologic Care.

Disability is common amongst dermatologic patients. Herein, we review the epidemiology of disability and terminology used to refer to patients with disabilities. We discuss different forms of disability, including cognitive, motor, visual and hearing, and review how dermatology practices can better accommodate patients with disabilities to optimize care.

Prediction of Patient Outcomes in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma Following Chemoradiotherapy-Comparative Effectiveness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose Imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the utility and comparative effectiveness of three five-point qualitative scoring systems for assessing response on PET-CT and MRI imaging individually and in combination, following curative-intent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Their performance in the prediction of subsequent patient outcomes was also assessed; Methods: Ninety-seven patients with histologically confirmed LACC treated with CRT using standard institutional protocols at a single centre who underwent PET-CT and MRI at staging and post treatment were identified retrospectively from an institutional database. The post-CRT imaging studies were independently reviewed, and response assessed using five-point scoring tools for T2WI, DWI, and FDG PET-CT.

The relationship between meniscal pathologies, cartilage loss, joint replacement and pain in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review in order to understand the relationship between imaging-visualised meniscus pathologies, hyaline cartilage, joint replacement and pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design: A search of the Medline, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) and Cochrane library databases was performed for original publications reporting association between imaging-detected meniscal pathology (extrusion or tear/damage) and longitudinal and cross-sectional assessments of hyaline articular cartilage loss [assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], incident joint replacement and pain (longitudinal and cross-sectional) in knee OA. Each association was qualitatively characterised by a synthesis of data from each analysis, based upon study design and quality scoring (including risk of bias assessment and adequacy of covariate adjustment using Cochrane recommended methodology).

Nutrition and psoriasis.

Nutrition and dietary supplements are commonly used in the management of psoriasis; however, evidence of their efficacy is inconsistent. Although some dietary interventions have been shown to improve psoriasis consistently, others have little evidence supporting their use. We review common dietary interventions for the management of psoriasis and the evidence behind them.

Dupilumab Facial Redness/Dupilumab Facial Dermatitis: A Guide for Clinicians.

Dupilumab facial redness (DFR), or the development of an eczematous rash of the face and neck with dupilumab use, has been observed in recent case reports. It is estimated to impact between 4 and 43.8% of dupilumab users, including children and adults.

Nutrition and youthful skin.

Nutrition and dietary supplements have been used to promote a youthful appearance for millennia. Despite high public demand for these products, evidence supporting their efficacy is limited and often inconsistent. We discuss the structural and functional changes that occur in the skin during the aging process.

Evidence concerning the accusation that melanoma is overdiagnosed.

Background: Melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the United States and is responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer.

Objective: Since the 1970s, the incidence of melanoma has risen appreciably while melanoma-specific mortality has remained stable. This has raised a debate about potential overdiagnosis of melanoma.

Metformin is associated with decreased risk of basal cell carcinoma: A whole-population case-control study from Iceland.

Background: Metformin has anticarcinogenic properties and is also known to inhibit the sonic hedgehog pathway, but population-based studies analyzing the potential protective effect for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are needed.

Objectives: To delineate the association between metformin use and invasive SCC, SCC in situ (SCCis), and BCC.

Methods: A population-based case-control study design was employed using all 6880 patients diagnosed in Iceland between 2003-2017 with first-time BCC, SCCis, or invasive SCC, and 69,620 population controls.

Association between hydrochlorothiazide and the risk of in situ and invasive squamous cell skin carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma: A population-based case-control study.

Background: Population-based studies analyzing hydrochlorothiazide's (HCTZ's) effect on keratinocyte carcinoma, and particularly invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are lacking.

Objectives: To characterize the association between HCTZ use and invasive SCC, SCC in situ (SCCis), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

Methods: This population-based case-control study included all 6880 patients diagnosed with first-time BCC, SCCis, and invasive SCC between 2003 and 2017 in Iceland and 69,620 population controls.