Challenges of Cell Counting in Cell Therapy Products.

Cell counting is a common and fundamental cell measurement technique that plays a crucial role in the development and quality control of cell therapy products. However, accurate and reliable cell counting can be challenging owing to the complexity of cell preparations, diverse counting purposes, and various counting methods. This review summarizes the challenges encountered in cell counting for cell therapy products and provides strategies to improve the cell counting accuracy, thereby guiding the counting process and ensuring the quality of cell therapy products.

Mendelian randomization study of inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate and test the causal relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its major phenotypes, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), in two large datasets.

Methods: We obtained IBD samples from the largest publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS), as well as the FinnGen database and the publicly accessible IEU GWAS database of T1D. We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to assess bidirectional causality using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method as the primary outcome.

Utilization of convolutional neural networks to analyze microscopic images for high-throughput screening of mesenchymal stem cells.

This work investigated the high-throughput classification performance of microscopic images of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a hyperspectral imaging-based separable convolutional neural network (CNN) (H-SCNN) model. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were cultured, and microscopic images were acquired using a fully automated microscope. Flow cytometry (FCT) was employed for functional classification.

Heterozygous Spink1 c.194+2T>C mutation promotes chronic pancreatitis after acute attack in mice.

Background & Aims: Mutations in genes, including serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1), influence disease progression following sentinel acute pancreatitis event (SAPE) attacks. SPINK1 c.194+2T > C intron mutation is one of the main mutants of SPINK1，which leads to the impairment of SPINK1 function by causing skipping of exon 3.

A GMP-compliant manufacturing method for Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

Background: Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) hold great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant methodology for the isolation and culture of WJ-MSCs. Through comprehensive research, encompassing laboratory-scale experiments to pilot-scale studies, we aimed to develop standardized protocols ensuring the high yield and quality of WJ-MSCs manufacturing.

Association between dietary inflammation index and inflammatory bowel disease in adults: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010.

Previous study has demonstrated that the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) played a role in the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, the prevalence and risk factors for IBD are distinct across locations and groups, and therefore, the findings are debatable and warrant further investigation. A total of 4363 participants were calculated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2010, of whom 1.21% self-reported a history of IBD.

Assessment of the triglyceride glucose index in adult patients with chronic diarrhea and constipation.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR). However, the link between two of the most prevalent bowel disorders, chronic diarrhea and constipation, and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a marker of IR, has not yet been investigated.

Aim: To investigate the potential association between TyG and the incidence of chronic diarrhea and constipation.

Investigation on the correlation factors of positive Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody and IgG antibody level of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the elderly over 60 years old in Shenzhen.

Background: Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV-23), designed to protect against the most common serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is intended to protect the elderly and other high-risk groups. However, the immunogenicity of all 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults has not been thoroughly studied.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to look into the factors that influence the effect of the pneumonia vaccine on the elderly over 60 years old in Shenzhen, as well as their IgG antibody level against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Targeting ZIP8 mediated ferroptosis as a novel strategy to protect against the retinal pigment epithelial degeneration.

The degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we identified that ZIP8, a metal-ion transporter, plays a crucial role in the degeneration of RPE cells mediated by ferroptosis.

Interleukin-18-primed human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells achieve superior therapeutic efficacy for severe viral pneumonia via enhancing T-cell immunosuppression.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments are still urgently needed for critically and severely ill patients. Human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) infusion has therapeutic benefits in COVID-19 patients; however, uncertain therapeutic efficacy has been reported in severe patients. In this study, we selected an appropriate cytokine, IL-18, based on the special cytokine expression profile in severe pneumonia of mice induced by H1N1virus to prime hUC-MSCs in vitro and improve the therapeutic effect of hUC-MSCs in vivo.

Identification of novel factors that affect the onset of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis: The role for microRNA-323b-5p.

Background: The c.194+2 T>C variant of serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) is a known genetic risk factor found in Chinese patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (ICP), but the early-onset mechanisms of ICP are still unclear.

Methods: Complementary experimental approaches were used to pursue other potential pathologies in the present study.

Cell Recognition Using BP Neural Network Edge Computing.

This exploration is to solve the efficiency and accuracy of cell recognition in biological experiments. Neural network technology is applied to the research of cell image recognition. The cell image recognition problem is solved by constructing an image recognition algorithm.

Differential Effects of Dietary Macronutrients on the Development of Oncogenic KRAS-Mediated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

KRAS mutations are prevalent in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are critical to fostering tumor growth in part by aberrantly rewiring glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Corroborating this epidemiological observation, mice harboring mutant KRAS are highly vulnerable to obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) challenges leading to the development of PDAC with high penetrance.

Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Assessment of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have shown very attractive potential in clinical applications for the treatment of various diseases. However, the data about the reproductive and developmental toxicity of hUC-MSCs remains insufficient. Thus, we assessed the potential effects of intravenous injection of hUC-MSCs on reproduction and development in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Segmentation, Detection, and Tracking of Stem Cell Image by Digital Twins and Lightweight Deep Learning.

The current work aims to strengthen the research of segmentation, detection, and tracking methods of stem cell image in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue damage restoration. Firstly, based on the relevant theories of stem cell image segmentation, digital twins (DTs), and lightweight deep learning, a new phase contrast microscope is introduced through the research of optical microscope. Secondly, the results of DTs method and phase contrast imaging principle are compared in stem cell image segmentation and detection.

Human Platelet Lysate Maintains Stemness of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Promote Lung Repair in Rat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show potential for treating preclinical models of newborn bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but studies of their therapeutic effectiveness have had mixed results, in part due to the use of different media supplements for MSCs expansion . The current study sought to identify an optimal culture supplement of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) for BPD therapy. In this study, we found that UC-MSCs cultured with human platelet lysate (hPL-UCMSCs) were maintained a small size from Passage 1 (P1) to P10, while UC-MSCs cultured with fetal bovine serum (FBS-UCMSCs) became wide and flat.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate pulmonary fibrosis via regulatory T cell through interaction with macrophage.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a growing clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (hucMSC) therapy is being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of PF patients. However, little is known about the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of hucMSC therapy on PF.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection versus esophagectomy for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with tumor invasion to different depths.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive alternative to esophagectomy for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (EESCC). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ESD and esophagectomy in EESCC with different depth of invasion. The data of EESCC patients who received ESD or esophagectomy between Jan 2011 to Dec 2018 at our center were retrospectively analyzed.

Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using uncontrolled rate freezing.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are widely used as source material for anticancer immunotherapies. The conventional cryopreservation method for peripheral blood mononuclear cells is time-consuming and expansive, which involves controlled rate freezing followed by storage in liquid nitrogen. Instead, the convenient uncontrolled rate freezing cryopreservation method had been reported successfully in peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells and peripheral blood progenitor cells.

Recovery and maintenance of NESTIN expression in umbilical cord-MSC using a novel culture medium.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a popular candidate in cellular therapy for many diseases. MSCs are well known by their feature of self-renewal and their differentiation potential. NESTIN is a cytoskeletal protein expressed in MSC that functions directly in cell proliferation and differentiation.

Fibromodulin is upregulated by oxidative stress through the MAPK/AP-1 pathway to promote pancreatic stellate cell activation.

Background/objectives: Fibromodulin (FMOD) expression in chronic pancreatitis (CP) tissues and its effect on PSC was unknown. Our aim was to investigate the role of FMOD in regulating PSC profibrogenic phenotype and the molecular mechanism of CP.

Methods: Rat CP models were induced by dibutyltin dichloride.

Oncogenic KRAS Reduces Expression of FGF21 in Acinar Cells to Promote Pancreatic Tumorigenesis in Mice on a High-Fat Diet.

Background & Aims: Obesity is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. In mice, a high-fat diet (HFD) and expression of oncogenic KRAS lead to development of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by unknown mechanisms. We investigated how oncogenic KRAS regulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF21, a metabolic regulator that prevents obesity, and the effects of recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) on pancreatic tumorigenesis.