A systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of spironolactone on blood pressure, glucose, lipids, renal function, fibrosis and inflammation in patients with hypertension and diabetes.

Purpose: Hypertension commonly co-exists with diabetes mellitus (DM), and both are closely related to adverse health outcomes. The activation of aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) may play important roles in this process. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of MR antagonists on cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure (BP), glucose, lipids, renal function, fibrosis and inflammatory and its safety in patients with both hypertension and DM.