Prospective observational study of baloxavir marboxil in adults and adolescents with uncomplicated influenza from China.

Introduction: There are limited data on the efficacy of baloxavir marboxil (baloxavir) versus oseltamivir in Chinese patients with influenza A.

Methods: This study is an observational real-world investigation encompassing 246 patients (baloxavir, = 147; oseltamivir, = 99) confirmed positive for influenza A. The choice between baloxavir and oseltamivir antiviral treatments was determined collaboratively by the clinician and the patient.

Bcl-2 Antagonist Obatoclax Reactivates Latent HIV-1 via the NF-κB Pathway and Induces Latent Reservoir Cell Apoptosis in Latently Infected Cells.

The implementation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has rendered HIV-1 infection clinically manageable and efficiently improves the quality of life for patients with AIDS. However, the persistence of a latent HIV-1 reservoir is a major obstacle to achieving a cure for AIDS. A "shock and kill" strategy aims to reactivate latent HIV and then kill it by the immune system or cART drugs.

Effective Analysis of Antiviral Treatment in Patients with HBeAg-Seropositive Chronic Hepatitis B with ALT < 2 Upper Limits of Normal: A Multi-center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Although the indications for antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B have been gradually expanded in different guidelines, antiviral treatment efficacy remains unclear among HBeAg-seropositive patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2 upper limits of normal (ULN). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapy for these patients.

Methods: In total, 102 treatment-naive patients who were HBeAg seropositive with ALT < 2 ULN and had received nucleotide analogs were included, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.

Soluble Programmed Cell Death-1 is a Novel Predictor of HBsAg Loss in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients When Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analog Treatment is Discontinued.

Purpose: The immunoinhibitory receptor, programmed death 1 (PD-1), plays a critical role in immune suppression during chronic viral infection. The significance of circulating soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) in patients with chronic hepatitis B who have discontinued long-term nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) treatment remains unknown.

Patients And Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted using serial blood samples from chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinued long-term NA treatment.

aMAP Score as a Predictor for Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with HBV-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Background And Aim: The long-term outcomes of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) remain not well known. This study aimed to investigate whether aMAP score can predict re-hospitalization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence and long-term mortality in patients with HBV-ACLF.

Methods: A total of 82 patients diagnosed with HBV-ACLF and survived over 6 months were enrolled.

Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen is a Biomarker for off-Treatment Relapse After Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analog Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.

Objective: It remains unknown how to stratify the risk of clinical relapse of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after stopping nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) antiviral therapy.

Methods: The current post hoc analysis included 122 non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who were positive for hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) and discontinued long-term NA therapy after achieving HBeAg seroconversion for a median of 2.5 years.

Serum hepatitis B virus RNA level is associated with biochemical relapse in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who discontinue nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment.

Background: Nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) discontinuation may be attempted in carefully selected patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection.

Aim: To investigate whether a novel serum marker of quantitative hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA levels could predict biochemical relapse after NA discontinuation.

Methods: We prospepctively followed non-cirrhotic Asian patients with CHB who stopped NA according to pre-specified stopping criteria.

Hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics after discontinuation of and retreatment with oral antivirals in non-cirrhotic HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.

The outcome of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) discontinuation and retreatment is still uncertain. We evaluated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics after NAs discontinuation and during retreatment due to off-treatment clinical relapse among non-cirrhotic HBeAg-positive CHB patients. Four groups were studied: 129 HBeAg-positive patients from a prospective cohort who stopped NAs therapy after achieving sustained response (Group A), 39 patients who received retreatment after off-treatment clinical relapse in the discontinuation group (Group B), 214 patients who maintained treatment after achieving sustained response (Group C) and 291 patients who firstly initiated antiviral treatment (Group D).

Serum Hepatitis B Virus RNA Levels Predict HBeAg Seroconversion and Virological Response in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with High Viral Load Treated with Nucleos(t)ide Analog.

Background And Aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA has attracted increasing attention as a novel serum marker for intrahepatic HBV replication. However, the predictive value of the serum level of HBV RNA for hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and viral response among patients with a high viral load (HVL) is unclear. We evaluated the role of the serum level of HBV RNA as a predictor of treatment response in chronic HBV (CHB) patients with an HVL.

Elevated expression of serum soluble ST2 in clinical relapse after stopping long-term Nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B.

Background: The virological or clinical relapse is common in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after stopping long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. Soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2), one of the Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor members, is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes and immune responses. However, the expression and function of serum sST2 in CHB patients after stopping NA treatment remains unknown.

Circulating miR-122 Is a Predictor for Virological Response in CHB Patients With High Viral Load Treated With Nucleos(t)ide Analogs.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection remains worldwide health problem. Antiviral treatment options for CHB patients include nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) and interferon. Most of the current biomarkers for predicting treatment response are virus-dependent.

Plasma CXCL13 is a predictive factor for HBsAg loss and clinical relapse after discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment.

In this study, we investigated whether plasma cytokine/chemokine levels could predict HBsAg loss or clinical relapse (CR) after stopping nucleos(t)ides analogue (NA) treatment. Theplasma cytokines/chemokines levels were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 weeks after NA discontinuation by using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Cox regression analysis revealed that CXCL13 level at the end of treatment (EOT) was an independent predictor for CR (HR 0.

Serum hepatitis B core antibody levels predict HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients with high viral load treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs.

Background: Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who are hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) positive are increasingly being treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs). However, the predictive value of serum hepatitis B virus core antibody (HBcAb) levels for HBeAg seroconversion among patients with high viral load remains unclear.

Methods: This study consisted of 74 patients with high viral load (HBV DNA >1 × 10 copies/mL) enrolled in a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, treated with lamivudine and adefovir (N = 32) or entecavir (N = 42) for up to 96 weeks.

Effectiveness of entecavir or telbivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection pre-treated with interferon compared with de novo therapy with entecavir and telbivudine.

Little is known about the optimal treatment following the initial failure of interferon therapy and the potential different efficacy with de novo therapy with entecavir (ETV) or telbivudine (LDT) and following the interferon therapy failure.ETV or LDT therapy following the interferon therapy failure was compared with that of de novo therapy with ETV or LDT in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Treatment parameters included virological response, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization.

A noninvasive diagnostic model to assess nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a noninvasive diagnostic test for nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) by using routinely available clinical markers.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with CHB, with or without hepatic steatosis (fatty change) who were diagnosed with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured by transient elastography were included. Patient information was analyzed on lifestyle; laboratory tests, including serum lipid levels; blood pressure; blood uric acid; and medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).