Advancing the Preparation Strategy of High-Performance Integrated Electrodes for eCORR via Sublimation.

The uniform dispersion and loading of phthalocyanine molecular catalysts on conductive carbon substrates are crucial for exposing their active sites. The significant amount of solvent needed to achieve appropriate dispersion of phthalocyanine leads to the risk of reaggregation during solvent evaporation. Hence, a solventless strategy is adopted by many to bypass the use of a solvent.

Molecular causes for the effect of cooking methods on rice stickiness: A mechanism explanation from the view of starch leaching.

Microwave, electronic pressure cooking (EPC), and water absorption method are the common but different ways used for cooking rice. To explore mechanisms for effects of cooking methods on rice stickiness, starch leaching behaviour and the fine structure of leached starch are investigated. We find: (i) EPC improves starch leaching, i.

Washing rice before cooking has no large effect on the texture of cooked rice.

Washing rice before cooking is common to remove dust and any remaining bran produced by the milling process. In this study, the effect of washing procedure on the textural properties of cooked rice, and its relations to starch leaching and the molecular structure of leached starch are investigated. Statistical analysis indicated that the washing procedure does not significantly affect either hardness or stickiness of cooked rice, but the interaction between rice variety and washing times on stickiness is significant.