Life History Modulates Effects of Inducible Defenses on Consumer-Resource Dynamics.

AbstractInducible defenses can affect the persistence, structure, and stability of consumer-resource systems. Theory shows that these effects depend on characteristics of the inducible defense, including timing, costs, efficacy, and sensitivity to consumer density. However, the expression and costs of inducible defenses often vary among life stages, which has not been captured in previous unstructured models.

Palaearctic flea beetle (Curtis) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae), herbivore of (garlic mustard), new to North America.

Background: The univoltine leaf beetle (Curtis, 1837b) is native to the Palaearctic Region from Japan to western Europe.This species was previously evaluated as a potential biological control agent against invasive populations of the woodland weed (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (Brassicaceae) in North America, but rejected because it could harm native and at-risk populations of Brassicaceae.

Metabolomic age (MileAge) predicts health and life span: A comparison of multiple machine learning algorithms.

Biological aging clocks produce age estimates that can track with age-related health outcomes. This study aimed to benchmark machine learning algorithms, including regularized regression, kernel-based methods, and ensembles, for developing metabolomic aging clocks from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. The UK Biobank data, including 168 plasma metabolites from up to = 225,212 middle-aged and older adults (mean age, 56.

A metabolomic profile of biological aging in 250,341 individuals from the UK Biobank.

The metabolomic profile of aging is complex. Here, we analyse 325 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) biomarkers from 250,341 UK Biobank participants, identifying 54 representative aging-related biomarkers associated with all-cause mortality. We conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for these 325 biomarkers using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 95,372 individuals and perform multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses, discovering 439 candidate "biomarker - disease" causal pairs at the nominal significance level.

Genome-wide association studies of coffee intake in UK/US participants of European ancestry uncover cohort-specific genetic associations.

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coffee intake in US-based 23andMe participants (N = 130,153) and identified 7 significant loci, with many replicating in three multi-ancestral cohorts. We examined genetic correlations and performed a phenome-wide association study across hundreds of biomarkers, health, and lifestyle traits, then compared our results to the largest available GWAS of coffee intake from the UK Biobank (UKB; N = 334,659).

The duration of lithium use and biological ageing: telomere length, frailty, metabolomic age and all-cause mortality.

Lithium is an established first-line treatment for bipolar disorder. Beyond its therapeutic effect as a mood stabiliser, lithium exhibits potential anti-ageing effects. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the duration of lithium use, biological ageing and mortality.

Exploring the concept of psychological frailty in older adults: a systematic scoping review.

Objectives: We reviewed the existing definitions of psychological frailty and provided a comprehensive overview of the concept and associated measurements.

Study Design And Setting: We followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The eligibility criteria for including studies were developed based on the participants-concept-context framework.

The efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for adult PTSD: A network and pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: A comprehensive quantitative summary of the efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions (PIs) for adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is lacking.

Method: We conducted a systematic literature search to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and acceptability (all-cause dropout) of psychological interventions (i.e.

Brain stimulation treatment for bipolar disorder.

Aims: Bipolar disorders are clinically complex, chronic and recurrent disorders. Few treatment options are effective across hypomanic, manic, depressive and mixed states and as continuation or maintenance treatment after initial symptom remission. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of research on the efficacy, tolerability and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).

The Cost-Effectiveness of Financial Incentives to Achieve Heroin Abstinence in Individuals With Heroin Use Disorder Starting New Treatment Episodes: A Cluster Randomized Trial-Based Economic Evaluation.

Objectives: Cost-effectiveness analysis of two 12-week contingency management (CM) schedules targeting heroin abstinence or attendance at weekly keyworker appointments for opioid agonist treatment compared with treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted alongside a cluster randomized trial of 552 patients from 34 clusters (drug treatment clinics) randomly allocated 1:1:1 to opioid agonist treatment plus weekly keyworker appointments with (1) CM targeted at heroin abstinence (CM abstinence), (2) CM targeted at on-time attendance at weekly appointments (CM attendance), or (3) no CM (TAU). The primary cost-effectiveness analysis at 24 weeks after randomization took a societal cost perspective with effects measured in heroin-negative urine samples.

Telomere Length Associations With Clinical Diagnosis, Age, and Polygenic Risk Scores for Anxiety Disorder, Depression, and Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Accelerated biological aging might contribute to the lower life expectancy of individuals with mental disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize telomere length, a biological hallmark of aging, in individuals with mental disorders.

Methods: The UK Biobank is a multicenter community-based observational study that recruited >500,000 middle-aged and older adults.

Frailty in individuals with depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders: longitudinal analyses of all-cause mortality.

Background: Frailty is a medical syndrome that is strongly associated with mortality risk and an emerging global health burden. Mental disorders are associated with reduced life expectancy and elevated levels of frailty. In this study, we examined the mortality risk associated with frailty in individuals with a lifetime history of mental disorders compared to individuals without a history of mental disorders.

Stratification of individuals with lifetime depression and low wellbeing in the UK Biobank.

Background: Previous studies stratified patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on their clinical characteristics. This study used this approach in individuals with lifetime MDD who reported low wellbeing, a group of high clinical relevance.

Methods: We selected participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) with lifetime MDD and a wellbeing score in the lowest 25 %.

Depressive symptoms and neuroticism-related traits are the main factors associated with wellbeing independent of the history of lifetime depression in the UK Biobank.

Background: Wellbeing has a fundamental role in determining life expectancy and major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the main modulating factors of wellbeing. This study evaluated the modulators of wellbeing in individuals with lifetime recurrent MDD (RMDD), single-episode MDD (SMDD) and no MDD in the UK Biobank.

Methods: Scores of happiness, meaningful life and satisfaction about functioning were condensed in a functioning-wellbeing score (FWS).

Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure of adolescents in the Greater London area in the SCAMP cohort and the association with restrictions on permitted use of mobile communication technologies at school and at home.

Personal measurements of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have been used in several studies to characterise personal exposure in daily life, but such data are limitedly available for adolescents, and not yet for the United Kingdom (UK). In this study, we aimed to characterise personal exposure to RF-EMF in adolescents and to study the association between exposure and rules applied at school and at home to restrict wireless communication use, likely implemented to reduce other effects of mobile technology (e.g.

Anxiety disorders and age-related changes in physiology.

Background: Anxiety disorders are leading contributors to the global disease burden, highly prevalent across the lifespan and associated with substantially increased morbidity and early mortality.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine age-related changes across a wide range of physiological measures in middle-aged and older adults with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders compared with healthy controls.

Method: The UK Biobank study recruited >500 000 adults, aged 37-73, between 2006 and 2010.

Cross-classification between self-rated health and health status: longitudinal analyses of all-cause mortality and leading causes of death in the UK.

Risk stratification is an important public health priority that is central to clinical decision making and resource allocation. The aim of this study was to examine how different combinations of self-rated and objective health status predict all-cause mortality and leading causes of death in the UK. The UK Biobank study recruited > 500,000 participants between 2006 and 2010.

Exploring health in the UK Biobank: associations with sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, lifestyle and environmental exposures.

Background: A greater understanding of the factors that are associated with favourable health may help increase longevity and healthy life expectancy. We examined sociodemographic, psychosocial, lifestyle and environmental exposures associated with multiple health indicators.

Methods: UK Biobank recruited > 500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006 and 2010.

Age-related changes in physiology in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Background: Individuals with bipolar disorder have a reduced life expectancy and may experience accelerated biological ageing. In individuals with bipolar disorder and healthy controls, we examined differences in age-related changes in physiology.

Methods: UK Biobank recruited more than 500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006 and 2010.

Pathogen infection influences the relationship between spring and autumn phenology at the seedling and leaf level.

Seasonal life history events are often interdependent, but we know relatively little about how the relationship between different events is influenced by the abiotic and biotic environment. Such knowledge is important for predicting the immediate and evolutionary phenological response of populations to changing conditions. We manipulated germination timing and shade in a multi-factorial experiment to investigate the relationship between spring and autumn phenology in seedlings of the pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, and whether this relationship was mediated by natural colonization of leaves by specialist fungal pathogens (i.

Lifetime depression and age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, grip strength and lung function: sex-specific analyses in the UK Biobank.

Individuals with depression, on average, die prematurely, have high levels of physical comorbidities and may experience accelerated biological ageing. A greater understanding of age-related changes in physiology could provide novel biological insights that may help inform strategies to mitigate excess mortality in depression. We used generalised additive models to examine age-related changes in 15 cardiovascular, body composition, grip strength and lung function measures, comparing males and females with a lifetime history of depression to healthy controls.