The impact of sarcopenia in the treatment for patients with head and neck cancer.

Sarcopenia is a disease in which a decline in muscle mass with age is associated with a decline in physical performance. In the field of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, sarcopenia is gaining attention as a cause of swallowing disorders and as a problem in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Head and neck cancer occurs in anatomical sites related to swallowing, so patients with head and neck cancer are prone to swallowing disorders and "nutrition-related sarcopenia.

Pterygoid Muscle Necrosis Caused by Radiation and Intra-Arterial Cisplatin Infusion Chemotherapy (RADPLAT): A Case Report.

Introduction: Radiation and intra-arterial cisplatin infusion chemotherapy (RADPLAT) for advanced maxillary sinus cancer has accumulated evidence as a treatment with fewer complications and better 5-year survival rates. In this study, we report a case in which pterygoid muscle necrosis occurred 6 months following RADPLAT treatment for maxillary sinus cancer.

Case Presentation: The 45-year-old woman had a long history of taking immunosuppressants against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prior to treatment.

The Usefulness of Total Laryngectomy in Sarcopenic Patients With Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer.

Background/aim: Sarcopenia has an adverse effect on postoperative complications and prognoses in head and neck cancer. This study focused on hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer patients with sarcopenia and analyzed the body composition following treatment when the larynx was preserved and when total laryngectomy was performed to examine the usefulness of laryngectomy.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 88 primary hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer patients aged 65 years or older with cT2N0M0 or higher who visited our department.

Up-front neck dissection followed by chemoradiotherapy for T1-T3 hypopharyngeal cancer with advanced nodal involvement.

Background: The advantage of up-front neck dissection (UFND) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) with advanced neck involvement remains controversial. We aimed to determine the indications.

Methods: The data of 41 and 14 patients with stage IVA/B (T1-T3 and ≥N2a) HPC who underwent UFND followed by CRT and received CRT, respectively, were retrospectively analyzed and compared.

Optimization of therapeutic strategy for p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Multi-institutional observational study based on the national Head and Neck Cancer Registry of Japan.

Background: Although the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification has been amended to include human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) as an independent entity, to the authors' knowledge the optimized de-escalating treatment modality has not been established to date.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective, nationwide, observational study in patients with HPV-related OPSCC who were treated from 2011 to 2014 in Japan to determine the best treatment modality.

Results: A total of 688 patients who were newly diagnosed with HPV-related OPSCC who were treated with curative intent at 35 institutions and had coherent clinical information and follow-up data available were included in the current study.

Aberrant HER3 ligand heregulin-expressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is resistant to anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, but not second-generation EGFR-TKI.

The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab is standard therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most HNSCC tumors are resistant to it and require alternative treatments. Here, we explored the mechanism of cetuximab resistance and evaluated its clinical relevance in HNSCC.

Patterns of bone metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To report clinical features of bone metastases (BM) from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: Among 772 patients with HNSCC diagnosed at our hospital over 9 years, 30 patients (3.9%) had clinical evidence of BM (24 men and 6 women; mean age: 63 years).

Spontaneously infarcted parotid tumours: MRI findings.

Objectives: To report MRI findings of spontaneous infarction in parotid tumours.

Methods: 14 patients (13 male, 1 female; mean age 73 years) with spontaneously infarcted parotid tumours were reviewed retrospectively. MR images were assessed for the location, the presence of synchronous parotid masses, margin characteristics, signal intensity on and weighted images, and internal architecture according to the distribution of signal hyperintensity.

Two-step Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy for Oropharyngeal Cancer: Initial Clinical Experience and Validation of Clinical Staging.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical results of two-step intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for oropharyngeal cancer.

Patients And Methods: Eighty patients were treated with two-step IMRT between 2002 and 2014. Whole-neck radiotherapy (44.

Revision of a furosemide-loading vestibular-evoked myogenic potential protocol for detecting endolymphatic hydrops.

Objective: The presence of endolymphatic hydrops can be suggested by improving the amplitude of vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) after furosemide administration (furosemide loading VEMP [FVEMP]). The authors aimed to determine a stimulation frequency and judgment criteria to ascertain whether a revised FVEMP protocol can be applied to clinical settings.

Methods: The study included 25 individuals with unilateral Meniere's disease (MD) and 11 normal healthy volunteers.

Metastases to the parotid nodes: CT and MR imaging findings.

Objectives: To present and characterize CT and MR imaging findings of metastases to the parotid nodes.

Methods: CT (n = 10) and MR (n = 11) images from 14 patients with metastases to the parotid nodes were reviewed. The primary tumour sites were the ocular adnexa in five patients, facial skin in four patients, upper aerodigestive tract in four patients and thyroid gland in one patient.

Clinical course of persistent geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus with neutral position-Light cupula.

Conclusion: A short clinical course and frequent recurrence are common features of persistent geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus with neutral position (positional nystagmus of light cupula: PNLC) and cupulolithiasis of the lateral semicircular canal. It is suggested that PNLC is caused by light debris attached to the cupula of the lateral semicircular canal.

Objectives: PNLC is a sub-type of direction-changing positional nystagmus.

Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy for advanced parotid squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

A case of advanced parotid cancer in which long-term control was achieved by superselective intra-arterial cisplatin infusion with concomitant radiotherapy is reported. A 63-year-old woman with parotid squamous cell carcinoma was referred to our hospital. Magnetic resonance images revealed extraparotid extension of the tumor, indicating that complete resection would be difficult.

Cytopathological review of patients that underwent thyroidectomies based on the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology but were later found to have benign tumors by histopathology.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the specificity of diagnosing PTC by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the cytopathological reports of 1066 patients that underwent thyroidectomy based on a diagnosis of PTC by FNA between January 1993 and December 2008. This study re-evaluated the cytology and histopathology of the patients that received false positive diagnoses of PTC by FNA.