Measles and rubella seroprevalence in adults using residual blood samples from health facilities and household serosurveys in Palghar District, Maharashtra, India, 2018 - 2019.

Residual blood specimens collected at health facilities may be a source of samples for serosurveys of adults, a population often neglected in community-based serosurveys. Anonymized residual blood specimens were collected from individuals 15 - 49 years of age attending two sub-district hospitals in Palghar District, Maharashtra, from November 2018 to March 2019. Specimens also were collected from women 15 - 49 years of age enrolled in a cross-sectional, community-based serosurvey representative at the district level that was conducted 2 - 7 months after the residual specimen collection.

Association between COVID-19 Vaccination (ChAdOx1-S) and Thromboembolic, Thrombocytopenic, Hemorrhagic Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Analytical Epidemiological Studies.

We conducted a systematic review of analytical epidemiological studies to assess the association between ChAdOx1-S vaccination and thromboembolic, thrombocytopenic, and hemorrhagic events. We searched Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, WHO-COVID-19 database, and medRxiv for studies evaluating the association between ChAdOx1-S and vascular events. Primary outcomes of interest were cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, peripheral venous thrombosis (PVT), and thrombocytopenia.

Analysis of Cholera Risk in India: Insights from 2017-18 Serosurvey Data Integrated with Epidemiologic data and Societal Determinants from 2015-2019.

Background: Indian subcontinent being an important region in the fight to eliminate cholera needs better cholera surveillance. Current methods miss most infections, skewing disease burden estimates. Triangulating serosurvey data, clinical cases, and risk factors could reveal India's true cholera risk.

Post-campaign coverage evaluation of a measles and rubella supplementary immunization activity in five districts in India, 2019-2020.

Background: In alignment with the Measles and Rubella (MR) Strategic Elimination plan, India conducted a mass measles and rubella vaccination campaign across the country between 2017 and 2020 to provide a dose of MR containing vaccine to all children aged 9 months to 15 years. We estimated campaign vaccination coverage in five districts in India and assessed campaign awareness and factors associated with vaccination during the campaign to better understand reasons for not receiving the dose.

Methods And Findings: Community-based cross-sectional serosurveys were conducted in five districts of India among children aged 9 months to 15 years after the vaccination campaign.

Role of Surface Chemistry of Ta Metal Foil on the Growth of GaN Nanorods by Laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Their Field Emission Characteristics.

This study investigates the influence of surface nitridation of Ta metal foil substrates on the growth of GaN nanorods using the laser molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE) technique and the field emission characteristics of the grown GaN nanorod ensemble. Surface morphology examinations underscore the pivotal role of Ta foil nitridation in shaping the dimensions and densities of GaN nanorods. Bare Ta foil fosters the formation of high-density, vertically self-aligned GaN nanorods at a growth temperature of 700 °C.

Facilitators and barriers to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose among adult population: qualitative analysis across six different states of India.

Introduction: India launched the COVID-19 vaccination drive on 16th January 2021 by vaccinating the adult population above 18 years of age. This was followed by the introduction of an additional precaution dose. As on 18th October 2022, 1,02,66,96,808 (1.

Hemodynamically stable very low birth neonates weight gain is affected by the early initiation of full enteral feedings compared to standard feeding.

Background: Premature babies need to develop similarly to fetuses of the same gestational age. The majority of premature neonates experience a growth-restricted status while in the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Extrauterine growth failure is a significant barrier for infants with very low birth weight (VLBW).

Household catastrophic health expenditure for COVID-19 during March-August 2021, in South India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic increased the utilisation of healthcare services. Such utilization could lead to higher out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and catastrophic health expenditures (CHE). We estimated OOPE and the proportion of households that experienced CHE by conducting a cross-sectional survey of 1200 randomly selected confirmed COVID-19 cases.

Restoration of dendritic cell homeostasis and Type I/Type III interferon levels in convalescent COVID-19 individuals.

Background: Plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells play a vital role in the protection against viral infections. In COVID-19, there is an impairment of dendritic cell (DC) function and interferon secretion which has been correlated with disease severity.

Results: In this study, we described the frequency of DC subsets and the plasma levels of Type I (IFNα, IFNβ) and Type III Interferons (IFNλ1), IFNλ2) and IFNλ3) in seven groups of COVID-19 individuals, classified based on days since RT-PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV2 infection.

Evaluating the effect of measles and rubella mass vaccination campaigns on seroprevalence in India: a before-and-after cross-sectional household serosurvey in four districts, 2018-2020.

Background: India did phased measles-rubella supplementary immunisation activities (MR-SIAs; ie, mass-immunisation campaigns) targeting children aged 9 months to less than 15 years. We estimated measles-rubella seroprevalence before and after the MR-SIAs to quantify the effect on population immunity and identify remaining immunity gaps.

Methods: Between March 9, 2018 and March 19, 2020 we did community-based, cross-sectional serosurveys in four districts in India before and after MR-SIAs.

Experiences of sharing results of community based serosurvey with participants in a district of Maharashtra, India.

A growing number of organisations, including medical associations, recommend that research subjects should be given the option of being informed about the general outcome and results of the study. We recently completed a study involving nine serosurveys from 2018 to 2020 in five districts of India among three age groups (children 9 months to < 5 years; 5 to < 15 years of age, and women 15 to < 50 years of age before and after the measles and rubella (MR) vaccination campaigns). In Palghar district of Maharashtra all individuals in 30 selected clusters were enumerated, and 13 individuals per age group were randomly sampled.

Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection Status Among the Current RT-PCR-Positive Individuals Affected During the Second Wave of COVID-19 Infections in Chennai, India.

India witnessed a very strong second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during March and June 2021. Newly emerging variants of concern can escape immunity and cause reinfection. We tested newly diagnosed COVID-19 cases during the second wave in Chennai, India for the presence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to estimate the extent of re-infection.

Enhanced SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD4 T Cell Activation and Multifunctionality in Late Convalescent COVID-19 Individuals.

Background: Examination of CD4+ T cell responses during the natural course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection offers useful information for the improvement of vaccination strategies against this virus and the protective effect of these T cells. Methods: We characterized the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell activation marker, multifunctional cytokine and cytotoxic marker expression in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) individuals. Results: CD4+ T-cell responses in late convalescent (>6 months of diagnosis) individuals are characterized by elevated frequencies of activated as well as mono, dual- and multi-functional Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells in comparison to early convalescent (<1 month of diagnosis) individuals following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens.

Enablers and barriers towards ensuring routine immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a qualitative study across five different states in India.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to disruption in delivering routine healthcare services including routine immunization (RI) worldwide. Understanding the enablers and barriers for RI services during a pandemic is critically important to develop context-appropriate strategies to ensure uninterrupted routine services.

Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in five different states of India, nested within an ongoing multicentric study on RI.

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in India, March 2020 to August 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: India experienced 2 waves of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and reported the second highest caseload globally. Seroepidemiologic studies were done to track the course of the pandemic. We systematically reviewed and synthesized the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian population.

Synthesis and Incorporation of Quaternary Ammonium Silane Antimicrobial into Self-Crosslinked Type I Collagen Scaffold: A Hybrid Formulation for 3D Printing.

Novel 3D-biomaterial scaffold is constructed having a combination of a new quaternary ammonium silane (k21) antimicrobial impregnated in 3D collagen printed scaffolds cross linked with Riboflavin in presence of d-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethyleneglycol)-1000-succinate. Groups of "0.1% and 0.