Trends Plant Sci
November 2024
Drought dynamically influences the interactions between plants and pathogens, thereby affecting disease outbreaks. Understanding the intricate mechanistic aspects of the multiscale interactions among plants, pathogens, and the environment-known as the disease triangle-is paramount for enhancing the climate resilience of crop plants. In this review, we systematically compile and comprehensively analyse current knowledge on the influence of drought on the severity of plant diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlternaria blight is a devastating disease that causes significant crop losses in oilseed Brassicas every year. Adoption of conventional breeding to generate disease-resistant varieties has so far been unsuccessful due to the lack of suitable resistant source germplasms of cultivated spp. A thorough understanding of the molecular basis of resistance, as well as the identification of defense-related genes involved in resistance responses in closely related wild germplasms, would substantially aid in disease management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe membrane-bound heterotrimeric G-proteins in plants play a crucial role in defending against a broad range of pathogens. This study emphasizes the significance of Extra-large Gα protein 2 (XLG2), a plant-specific G-protein, in mediating the plant response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which infects over 600 plant species worldwide. Our analysis of Arabidopsis G-protein mutants showed that loss of XLG2 function increased susceptibility to S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCombined abiotic and biotic stresses modify plant defense signaling, leading to either the activation or suppression of defense responses. Although the majority of combined abiotic and biotic stresses reduce plant fitness, certain abiotic stresses reduce the severity of pathogen infection in plants. Remarkably, certain pathogens also improve the tolerance of some plants to a few abiotic stresses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe have developed a compendium and interactive platform, named Stress Combinations and their Interactions in Plants Database (SCIPDb; http://www.nipgr.ac.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlants deposit lignin in the secondary cell wall as a common response to drought and pathogen attacks. Cell wall localised multicopper oxidase family enzymes LACCASES (LACs) catalyse the formation of monolignol radicals and facilitate lignin formation. We show an upregulation of the expression of several LAC genes and a downregulation of microRNA397 (CamiR397) in response to natural drought in chickpea roots.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe sugar will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) members in Arabidopsis, AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 are the important sucrose efflux transporters that act synergistically to perform distinct physiological roles. These two transporters are involved in apoplasmic phloem loading, seed filling, and sugar level alteration at the site of pathogen infection. Here, we performed the structural analysis of the sucrose binding pocket of AtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 using molecular docking followed by rigorous molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtSWEET11 and AtSWEET12 are central players in phloem loading and long-distance sucrose translocation. During drought stress, these transporters enhance sucrose transport from shoot to root, increasing root proliferation. Chen et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Plant Sci
May 2022
Abiotic stressors such as drought and heat predispose chickpea plants to pathogens of key importance leading to significant crop loss under field conditions. In this study, we have investigated the influence of drought and high temperature on the incidence and severity of dry root rot disease (caused by in chickpea, under extensive on- and off-season field trials and greenhouse conditions. We explored the association between drought tolerance and dry root rot resistance in two chickpea genotypes, ICC 4958 and JG 62, with contrasting resistance to dry root rot.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonhost disease resistance is the most common type of plant defense mechanism against potential pathogens. In the present study, the metabolic enzyme formate dehydrogenase 1 (FDH1) was identified to associate with nonhost disease resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, AtFDH1 was highly upregulated in response to both host and nonhost bacterial pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant viruses encounter a range of host defenses including non-host resistance (NHR), leading to the arrest of virus replication and movement in plants. Viruses have limited host ranges, and adaptation to a new host is an atypical phenomenon. The entire genotypes of plant species which are imperceptive to every single isolate of a genetically variable virus species are described as non-hosts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe high throughputness and affordability of "omics" technologies is leading to the identification of a large number of abiotic stress genes, with many of them responsive to multiple stresses. In vivo functional characterization of these genes under multiple stresses is challenging but essential to develop resilient crops for the changing climate. Here we describe a high-throughput Virus-Induced Gene Silencing-based methodology for functional analysis of genes under multiple abiotic stresses using leaf disks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the increasing understanding of fundamentals of gene silencing pathways in plants, various tools and techniques for downregulating the expression of a target gene have been developed across multiple plant species. This chapter provides an insight into the molecular mechanisms of gene silencing and highlights the advancements in various gene silencing approaches. The prominent aspects of different gene silencing methods, their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrought plays a central role in increasing the incidence and severity of dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea. This is an economically devastating disease, compromising chickpea yields particularly severely in recent years due to erratic rainfall patterns. (formerly ) is the causal agent of DRR disease in the chickpea plant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn nature, plants are frequently exposed to drought and bacterial pathogens simultaneously. However, information on how the drought and defence pathways interact and orchestrate global transcriptional regulation is limited. Here, we show that moderate drought stress enhances the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae pv.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs), a newly discovered class of sugar transporters, play a significant role in sugar efflux processes across various kingdoms of life. In fact, SWEETs have a long evolutionary path from prokaryotes to higher plants. In plants, they are involved in developmental processes, including nectar secretion, pollen nutrition, and seed filling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChickpea is an essential crop for protein nutrition and is grown around the world in rain-fed conditions. However, chickpea cultivation is under threat due to emerging diseases favored by drought stress. Dry root rot (DRR), an economically devastating disease, is an example.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPremise: A comprehensive field-based screening protocol is lacking for dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea, which is caused by (formerly referred to as ). Here, we describe a protocol for establishing a sick plot for DRR to enable disease assessment of a large number of chickpea plants during the natural growing season.
Methods And Results: We used a chickpea plot with >30% DRR incidence, and enriched the inoculum by cultivating highly susceptible chickpea plant genotypes and incorporating infected plant material into the soil.
Rhizoctonia bataticola causes dry root rot (DRR), a devastating disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). DRR incidence increases under water deficit stress and high temperature. However, the roles of other edaphic and environmental factors remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDry root rot (DRR) disease is an emerging biotic stress threat to chickpea cultivation around the world. It is caused by a soil-borne fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia bataticola. In the literature, comprehensive and detailed step-by-step protocols on disease assays are sparse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPremise: We developed a systematic protocol for the easy, high-throughput, qualitative, and quantitative assessment of the patho-morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of plants simultaneously subjected to drought and bacterial infection. This approach will assist studies elucidating plant adaptation strategies to combat combined stresses.
Methods And Results: Plants were grown in small screw-capped containers, individual pots, or pot strips.
Many plant-encoded E3 ligases are known to be involved in plant defense. Here, we report a novel role of E3 ligase SALT- AND DROUGHT-INDUCED RING FINGER1 (SDIR1) in plant immunity. Even though SDIR1 is reasonably well-characterized, its role in biotic stress response is not known.
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