Parental linguistic support in a home environment is associated with language development of preschool-aged children.

Aim: In today's increasingly digitalised society, there is a growing need for information on how parents can support their children's language development at home. We investigated the associations between three types of parental linguistic support and children's language skills in different domains.

Methods: Between April 2019 and March 2020, 164 children aged between 2.

Screen Time of Preschool-Aged Children and Their Mothers, and Children's Language Development.

Although children's increased screen time has been found to associate with poorer language development, it is open to question which part of language ability screen time specifically associates with. Our aim was to examine the association between children's screen time (alone and together with a parent), mothers' screen time, and the different domains of children's language skills. Mothers reported their children's (N = 164, aged 2.

Text Classification Model Explainability for Keyword Extraction - Towards Keyword-Based Summarization of Nursing Care Episodes.

Tools to automate the summarization of nursing entries in electronic health records (EHR) have the potential to support healthcare professionals to obtain a rapid overview of a patient's situation when time is limited. This study explores a keyword-based text summarization method for the nursing text that is based on machine learning model explainability for text classification models. This study aims to extract keywords and phrases that provide an intuitive overview of the content in multiple nursing entries in EHRs written during individual patients' care episodes.

Management of Patient Flow in Vascular and Interventional Radiology During MERS-CoV Outbreak.

In 2015, an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus occurred in Saudi Arabia and necessitated special measures to be implemented to control the spread of the virus. In this article, we will discuss how the outbreak was managed in the vascular and interventional radiology (VIR) suite in a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Various measures were taken to reduce the risk of transmission of infection.

Up-regulation of CYP expression in hepatoma cells stably transfected by chimeric nuclear receptors.

Most hepatoma cell lines lack proper expression and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and this deficiency hampers their use as in vitro models for drug and xenobiotic metabolism. According to previous studies, the poor expression of CYP enzymes may be due to decreases in CYP gene transcription. Two nuclear receptors (NRs), the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), are known to regulate many genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and disposition.

Hereditary minisatellite mutations among the offspring of Estonian Chernobyl cleanup workers.

A single accidental event such as the fallout released from the Chernobyl reactor in 1986 can expose millions of people to non-natural environmental radiation. Ionizing radiation increases the frequency of germline mutations in experimental studies, but the genetic effects of radiation in humans remain largely undefined. To evaluate the hereditary effects of low radiation doses, we compared the minisatellite mutation rates of 155 children born to Estonian Chernobyl cleanup workers after the accident with those of their siblings born prior to it.

Stable chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of a population living in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site.

SalomaTranslocation analysis using FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) chromosome painting was performed to evaluate the magnitude of exposure to ionizing radiation among the human population living close to the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan. We studied two generations of people living in villages that were in the path of the radioactive cloud from the first Soviet surface nuclear test performed in August 1949 and from later tests. The older generation (P(0)) lived in the area at the time of testing, and the younger generation (F(1)) was exposed to smaller doses from the residual fallout and later tests.

Distribution of radiation-induced exchange aberrations in human chromosomes 1, 2 and 4.

Purpose: To examine the distribution of radiation-induced breakpoints in chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 both in relation to their DNA content and by localization of the breaks along each chromosome.

Material And Methods: The work consisted of two studies, one with chromosomal aberrations found in persons after accidental exposure in Estonia in 1994 and another involving aberrations seen in in vitro-irradiated lymphocytes. Localization of breakpoints in painted chromosomes involved in complete exchange-type aberrations was conducted by applying a computerized measuring system on stored image-files.

A comparison of gamma and neutron irradiation on Raji cells: effects on DNA damage, repair, cell cycle distribution and lethality.

The Comet assay (microgel electrophoresis) was used to study DNA damage in Raji cells, a B-lymphoblastoid cell line, after treatment with different doses of neutrons (0.5 to 16 Gy) or gamma rays (1.4 to 44.

The incidence of cytogenetically abnormal rogue cells in peripheral blood.

Purpose: To compare the occurrence of cytogenetically abnormal rogue cells, characterized by a high frequency of chromosome-type aberrations, in people exposed to ionizing radiation and in non-exposed subjects.

Materials And Methods: Data on rogue cells from a total of nine cytogenetic studies on radiation-exposed populations and controls were collected from three laboratories in the United Kingdom, France and Finland. The studies were conducted on first-division metaphases of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Chromosomal instability in in vivo radiation exposed subjects.

Purpose: To investigate whether delayed chromosomal instability arises in human peripheral T lymphocytes exposed in vivo to gamma-irradiation.

Materials And Methods: Long-term cultures were established from lymphocytes obtained from subjects involved in the radiological accident in Estonia in 1994. Two individuals exposed to a high dose, one individual with low exposure and one apparently unexposed person were studied.

In vivo confocal microscopy of Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze in vivo confocal microscopic findings of corneas with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy.

Methods: Central corneas of 17 eyes of 11 patients aged 41-86 years were examined using in vivo scanning slit confocal microscopy after being diagnosed with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. The cellular structure of the corneas was analyzed morphologically and quantitatively and compared to control results from 22 healthy corneas.

Normal human corneal cell populations evaluated by in vivo scanning slit confocal microscopy.

Purpose: To analyze cellular populations in healthy human corneas.

Methods: The study group consisted of 58 eyes of 45 patients with normal corneas. The age distribution was 45 +/- 17 years (mean +/- SD; range, 20-84).

Do recorded doses overestimate true doses received by Chernobyl cleanup workers? Results of cytogenetic analyses of Estonian workers by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Studies of workers who were sent to Chernobyl after the 1986 reactor accident are being conducted to provide a better understanding of the effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposures. A crucial component to these investigations is an accurate assessment of the radiation doses received during the cleanup activities. To provide information on biological measurements of dose, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole-chromosome painting probes has been applied to quantify stable chromosome aberrations (translocations and insertions) among a defined cohort of 4,833 cleanup workers from Estonia.

The list system can reduce the waiting time and number of consultations in a centralized primary care centre that provides out of hours medical care.

Objective: To study the waiting time and number of consultations of the patients who required out of hours medical care from a centralized primary care centre before and after the introduction of a list system.

Design: Non-controlled intervention study. A questionnaire, completed by receptionists, concerning all out of hours general practice consultations for one week each month during two separate years (in 1990 with no list system and in 1993 with list system in operation).

p53 gene mutation analysis in tumors of patients exposed to alpha-particles.

The p53 gene was examined for point mutations in archived, alpha-radiation-associated lung and liver cancers. Lung tumors of 50 uranium miners in Germany were screened by restriction fragment length analysis for the putative hotspot mutation at codon 249 (Arg-->Met) previously detected in a significant fraction of miners from the Colorado Plateau, USA. This mutation has been proposed as a marker of radon exposure.

Expression of cellular fibronectin and tenascin in the rabbit cornea after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy: a 12 month study.

An indirect immunohistochemical technique was used to monitor the expression of cellular fibronectin (cFN) and tenascin (TN) in the rabbit cornea after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in a 1 year follow up study. Rabbits received a 5.0 D myopic PRK, and were killed 3 days, 1, 3, 6, or 12 months after the operation.

Suboptimal vision after vitreous surgery in diabetics.

Between 1979-1985, 105 diabetic patients underwent vitreous surgery for diabetic eye disease in one or both eyes. By spring 1991, 40 patients (38%) had died, and 36 (55%) of the living 65 patients had good or moderate vision (visual acuity, VA > or = 0.3 in the better eye), 13 (20%) had low vision (VA 0.

Development of a 32P-postlabeling assay for 7-methylguanines in human DNA.

The application of a 32P-postlabeling assay for 7-methylguanines in DNA was studied either by labeling the imidazole ring-opened dinucleotide derivatives or by using strong-anion-exchange column chromatography for the adduct enrichment from normal nucleotides. Data showed that 7-methylguanines can be efficiently labeled as dinucleotides when in vitro methylated DNA was first imidazole ring-opened and then digested to the dinucleotide level with deoxyribonuclease I, snake venom phosphodiesterase, and prostatic acid phosphatase. When using ion exchange chromatography for the adduct enrichment, DNA was digested with micrococcal nuclease and spleen phosphodiesterase.

Smoking-related DNA adducts: 32P-postlabeling analysis of 7-methylguanine in human bronchial and lymphocyte DNA.

7-methylguanine DNA adducts were determined in macroscopically normal bronchial specimens and peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20 patients undergoing pulmonary surgery. A recently developed 32P-postlabeling assay was applied with anion exchange chromatography as an adduct enrichment method. The material consisted of 13 smokers and 7 non-smokers.

7-Methylguanine levels in DNA of smokers' and non-smokers' total white blood cells, granulocytes and lymphocytes.

The effect of smoking was investigated on the formation of 7-methylguanines in human peripheral white blood cells. DNA was isolated from total white blood cells, granulocytes and lymphocytes from 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers. 32P-Postlabeling was performed by using anion-exchange chromatography enrichment of adducts.

Natural radiation--a perspective to radiological risk factors of nuclear energy production.

Radiation doses from natural radiation and from man-made modifications on natural radiation, and different natural radiological environments in the Nodic countries are summarized and used as a perspective for the radiological consequences of nuclear energy production. The significance of different radiation sources can be judged against the total collective effective dose equivalent from natural radiation in the Nordic countries, 92,000 manSv per year. The collective dose from nuclear energy production during normal operation is estimated to 20 manSv per year and from non-nuclear energy production to 80 manSv per year.