Lateral Meniscal Tears Can be Safely Repaired "All-Inside" Without Peroneal Nerve Injury: Case Series and Literature Review.

Introduction: The menisci are a pair of fibrocartilaginous structures important for the normal biomechanical function of the knees. Tears are common, and multiple approaches have been used to repair meniscal tears. Of the approaches, the all-inside approach has historically been avoided for tears to the posterior aspect of the lateral meniscus (LM) due to the risk of popliteal and common peroneal neurovascular injury.

Correlation of the treatment sensitivity of patient-derived organoids with treatment outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (SOTO): protocol for a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Organoids have been successfully used in several areas of cancer research and large living biobanks of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have been developed from various malignancies. The characteristics of the original tumour tissue such as mutation signatures, phenotype and genetic diversity are well preserved in organoids, thus showing promising results for the use of this model in translational research. In this study, we aim to assess whether we can generate PDOs from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples and whether PDOs can be used to predict treatment sensitivity in HNSCC patients as well as to explore potential biomarkers.

Making sense of scattering: Seeing microstructure through shear waves.

The physics of shear waves traveling through matter carries fundamental insights into its structure, for instance, quantifying stiffness for disease characterization. However, the origin of shear wave attenuation in tissue is currently not properly understood. Attenuation is caused by two phenomena: absorption due to energy dissipation and scattering on structures such as vessels fundamentally tied to the material's microstructure.

A novel anti-galectin-9 immunotherapy limits the early progression of pancreatic neoplastic lesions in transgenic mice.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an urgent need for therapeutic innovation. Immune checkpoint inhibition has shown promise in a variety of solid tumors, but most clinical trials have failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy in PDAC. This low efficacy is partly explained by a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, which dampens anti-tumor immunity through the recruitment or induction of immunosuppressive cells, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Role of Perioperative Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Objective: We aim to describe and highlight the current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treatment landscape, particularly focusing on the perioperative setting. We provide a comprehensive review of key trials of the use of ICI in the perioperative setting, discussing trial outcomes and limitations and reviewing the role of biomarkers.

Introduction: ICIs have recently been integrated into the treatment algorithm for metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Predicting progression-free survival after systemic therapy in advanced head and neck cancer: Bayesian regression and model development.

Background: Advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with a poor prognosis, and biomarkers that predict response to treatment are highly desirable. The primary aim was to predict progression-free survival (PFS) with a multivariate risk prediction model.

Methods: Experimental covariates were derived from blood samples of 56 HNSCC patients which were prospectively obtained within a Phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02633800) at baseline and after the first treatment cycle of combined platinum-based chemotherapy with cetuximab treatment.

Osimertinib and anti-HER3 combination therapy engages immune dependent tumor toxicity via STING activation in trans.

Over the past decade, immunotherapy delivered novel treatments for many cancer types. However, lung cancer still leads cancer mortality, and non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients with mutant EGFR cannot benefit from checkpoint inhibitors due to toxicity, relying only on palliative chemotherapy and the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) osimertinib. This new drug extends lifespan by 9-months vs.

Insights Into Unveiling a Potential Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Metastasis.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) develop in non-lymphatic tissue in chronic inflammation and cancer. TLS can mature to lymph node (LN) like structures with germinal centers and associated vasculature. TLS neogenesis in cancer is highly varied and tissue dependent.

An In-Depth Review of Niraparib in Ovarian Cancer: Mechanism of Action, Clinical Efficacy and Future Directions.

Niraparib is an oral, potent, highly selective poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2 inhibitor. In most developed countries, it is approved as a maintenance treatment for epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in patients with complete or partial response to platinum-based therapy. These approvals are based on results of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, particularly the NOVA trial and more recently the PRIMA trial.

Kenaf Fiber/Pet Yarn Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Polymer Composites: Morphological, Tensile, and Flammability Properties.

The application of natural fibers is rapidly growing in many sectors, such as construction, automobile, and furniture. Kenaf fiber (KF) is a natural fiber that is in demand owing to its eco-friendly and renewable nature. Nowadays, there are various new applications for kenaf, such as in absorbents and building materials.

Knowledge about epilepsy and factors associated with attitudes toward marrying, employing, and driving people with epilepsy: A cross-sectional survey of Asokore Mampong community dwellers in Ghana.

Background: Due to lack of information and illiteracy, epilepsy remains a stigmatized disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to determine, among community dwellers in Asokore Mampong Municipality (Ghana): (i) the knowledge on risk factors, signs and symptoms, management of epilepsy, and (ii) factors associated with attitudes toward marrying, employing, or driving people with epilepsy (PWE).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 randomly selected individuals aged 18 years and older in Asokore Mampong Municipality was conducted in February 2019.

Breast cancer-associated macrophages promote tumorigenesis by suppressing succinate dehydrogenase in tumor cells.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can exist in pro- and anti-inflammatory states. Anti-inflammatory TAMs (also referred to as M2-polarized) generally suppress antitumor immune responses and enhance the metastatic progression of cancer. To explore the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, we isolated macrophages from mice and humans, polarized them ex vivo, and examined their functional interaction with breast cancer cells in culture and in mice.

Radiation therapy and the innate immune response: Clinical implications for immunotherapy approaches.

Radiation therapy is an essential component of cancer care, contributing up to 40% of curative cancer treatment regimens. It creates DNA double-strand breaks causing cell death in highly replicating tumour cells. However, tumours can develop acquired resistance to therapy.

Hospital cost of invasive pneumococcal disease in children aged under 15 years old in Tunisia.

Background: Pneumococcal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and in Tunisia. Data on the economic burden of these infections are needed to inform decision-making to include pneumococcal vaccinations in routine childhood immunization.

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the medical cost of hospitalizations due to invasive pneumococcal disease (pneumonia and meningitis) among children aged under 15 years old in Tunisia.

An Efficient Photodynamic Therapy Treatment for Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

To date, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ADKP) is a devastating disease for which the incidence rate is close to the mortality rate. The survival rate has evolved only 2-5% in 45 years, highlighting the failure of current therapies. Otherwise, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), based on the use of an adapted photosensitizer (PS) has already proved its worth and has prompted a growing interest in the field of oncology.

Characterization of neutralizing antibodies reacting with the 213-224 amino-acid segment of human galectin-9.

Extra-cellular galectin-9 (gal-9) is an immuno-modulatory protein with predominant immunosuppressive effects. Inappropriate production of gal-9 has been reported in several human malignancies and viral diseases like nasopharyngeal, pancreatic and renal carcinomas, metastatic melanomas and chronic active viral hepatitis. Therefore therapeutic antibodies neutralizing extra-cellular gal-9 are expected to contribute to immune restoration in these pathological conditions.

Metagenomic insights into effects of spent engine oil perturbation on the microbial community composition and function in a tropical agricultural soil.

Analyzing the microbial community structure and functions become imperative for ecological processes. To understand the impact of spent engine oil (SEO) contamination on microbial community structure of an agricultural soil, soil microcosms designated 1S (agricultural soil) and AB1 (agricultural soil polluted with SEO) were set up. Metagenomic DNA extracted from the soil microcosms and sequenced using Miseq Illumina sequencing were analyzed for their taxonomic and functional properties.

Effect of nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived exosomes on human regulatory T cells.

Background: Regulatory T cells (Treg) and tumor-exosomes are thought to play a role in preventing the rejection of malignant cells in patients bearing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: Treg recruitment by exosomes derived from NPC cell lines (C15/C17-Exo), exosomes isolated from NPC patients' plasma (Patient-Exo), and CCL20 were tested in vitro using Boyden chamber assays and in vivo using a xenograft SCID mouse model (n = 5), both in the presence and absence of anti-CCL20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Impact of these NPC exosomes (NPC-Exo) on Treg phenotype and function was determined using adapted assays (FACS, Q-PCR, ELISA, and MLR).

Epstein-Barr virus infection induces an increase of T regulatory type 1 cells in Hodgkin lymphoma patients.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is present in the neoplastic cells of around 20-30% of patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Although, an immunosuppressive environment is currently described in HL patients, little is known concerning the regulatory mechanism induced by EBV proteins expression in tumour cells. This study aimed to investigate an association between regulatory Type 1 cells (Tr1) and EBV tissue positivity in HL patients.

[Fortuitous discovery of intracerebral foreign body leads to the diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy].

An intracerebral foreign body is a rare situation in childhood. It often occurs accidentally with transorbital or more rarely transnasal penetration. We report the case of a child who had been followed since the age of 2.

Influence of drug concentration on the diffusion parameters of caffeine.

Background And Objectives: In the fields of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and in toxicology, the study of the skin penetration of molecules is very interesting. Various studies have considered the impact of different physicochemical drug characteristics, skin thickness, and formulations, on the transition from the surface of the skin to the underlying tissues or to the systemic circulation; however, the influence of drug concentration on the permeation flux of molecules has rarely been raised. Our study aims to discover the influence of caffeine concentration in a formulation on the percutaneous penetration from gels, as a result of different dose applications to polysulfate membrane and human skin.