Metabolic inflammation: connecting obesity and insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance is a pathological condition that arises when insulin signaling is impaired, forcing β-cells to produce more insulin in order to cope with body demands and to maintain glucose homeostasis. When the pancreas is no more able to support an appropriate insulin secretion, insulin resistance becomes decompensated and hyperglycemia is detected. One of the mechanisms leading to insulin resistance is low-grade inflammation that involves a number of protagonists such as inflammatory cytokines, lipids and their metabolites, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and changes in gut microbiota profiles.

Gender-related analysis of the clinical presentation, treatment response and outcome in patients with immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura [ITP]) frequently occurs in young adults, particularly women in their third or fourth decade. The female predominance suggests that sex hormones may play a role in the different aspects of ITP. In this paper, we report a gender-related analysis of patients with ITP, specifically examining the clinical manifestations, responses to treatment and overall outcomes of the patients.

[Hypervitaminemia B12 (high level of cobalamin): physiopathology, role and interest in clinical practice].

Hypervitaminemia B12 or high serum level of cobalamin B12 is a frequent and clinical underestimated abnormality. Clinically, it can be sometimes paradoxically accompanied by signs of deficiency reflecting a functional deficit in relation to qualitative abnormalities related to defects in tissue uptake and action of vitamin B12. Etiological profile of hypervitaminemias B12 has mostly serious disease entities and for which early diagnosis is crucial to the plan rather than prognostic.

Clinical presentation and management of drug-induced agranulocytosis.

Objective: In this article, we report and discuss the clinical presentation and management of idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis (neutrophil count <0.5 × 10(9)/l).

Results/conclusions: Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis remains a potentially serious adverse event owing to the frequency of severe sepsis with severe deep tissue infections (e.

[Oral vitamin B12: Efficacy and safety data in 31 patients with pernicious anemia and food-cobalamin malabsorption].

Objective: The aim of this study is to validate the efficacy and safety of oral cobalamin therapy in the treatment of cobalamin deficiency related to various causes.

Patient And Method: It's a retrospective study, including 31 patients with documented cobalamin deficiency related to food-cobalamin malabsorption (n=20) and pernicious anemia (n=11). These patients were treated at least for 3 months with oral cyanocobalamin, between 125 to 1000microg per day.

Efficacy of oral cobalamin (vitamin B12) therapy.

Importance Of The Field: Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency is particularly common in the elderly (> 15%). Management of cobalamin deficiency with cobalamin injections is well codified at present, but new routes of cobalamin administration (oral and nasal) are being studied, especially oral cobalamin therapy for food-cobalamin malabsorption.

Areas Covered In This Review: The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of oral cobalamin treatment in elderly patients.

[Food-cobalamin syndrome].

Food-cobalamin malabsorption is a new well-characterized syndrome. In association with pernicious anemia, it is the leading etiology of cobalamin deficiency in adult, especially in elderly patient. Currently, it is an exclusion diagnosis that requires a well-codified clinical strategy for diagnosis.