Minor micro-rheological alterations in the presence of an artificial saphenous arteriovenous shunt, as an arteriovenous malformation model in the rat.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal shunting between arteries and veins. The progression of the AVMs and their hemodynamic and rheological relations are poorly studied, and there is a lack of a feasible experimental model.

Objective: To establish a model that cause only minimal micro-rheological alterations, compared to other AV models.

The Application and Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Chin Enhancement and Retrusion Correction: A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes.

A frequent facial abnormality called chin retrusion, also known as retrognathia, can be detrimental to a person's self-esteem and overall face aesthetics. Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are one non-surgical approach to this problem that may provide individuals seeking chin augmentation with a relatively less invasive and potentially more affordable alternative. The present literature does not provide enough in-depth systematic reviews of the use of HA in chin augmentation.

A Microsurgical Arteriovenous Malformation Model on Saphenous Vessels in the Rat.

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an anomaly of blood vessel formation. Numerous models have been established to understand the nature of AVM. These models have limitations in terms of the diameter of the vessels used and the impact on the circulatory system.