Early and late blood flow changes in the brachial artery following brachial plexus block.

Background: A nerve block causes various hemodynamic changes in the vessel system. The primary objective of the present study is to examine the volume flow values in the brachial artery in the early and late period following an infraclavicular brachial plexus block. The secondary objective is to evaluate arterial diameter, forearm temperature and other Doppler ultrasound measurements in the late period.

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) Results Calculated With and Without Bone Mineral Density Values for the Evaluation of Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between fracture risk predictions based on calculations made with and without bone mineral density (BMD) values using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) in Turkish postmenopausal women with osteopenia and to compare the treatment recommendations. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included postmenopausal women aged 50-79 yr with a diagnosis of osteoporosis who were not receiving any treatment. A questionnaire was administered to the participants face-to-face to obtain sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and fracture history.