Ocular surface assessment and morphological alterations in meibomian glands with non-contact meibography in electronic cigarette smokers.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the ocular surface and meibomian gland morphology in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smokers.

Methods: The upper and lower eyelids of 25 male e-cigarette smokers and 25 healthy male non-smoker patients were evaluated using Sirius meibography. Meibomian glands loss was automatically calculated using Phoenix meibography imaging software module, with the result obtained as percentage loss.

Analysis of optical coherence tomography angiographic findings of prematurely born children and its relationship with macular edema of prematurity.

Purpose: To compare foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, foveal vascular density (VD), and foveal thickness in pre- and full-term children and to evaluate their relationship with cystoid macular edema (CME) in the prematurity period using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA).

Methods: OCTA imaging was performed at 4-6 years of age in 90 eyes of 45 prematurely born children and 50 eyes of 25 term children. Subjects were divided into three groups: prematurely born with CME (group 1); prematurely born without CME (group 2); healthy, term children (group 3).

Comparison of bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity treatment.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and refractive outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treatment.

Methods: We analyzed the files of patients treated with intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept for ROP, retrospectively. A total of 187 eyes of 111 patients were included.

Evaluation of the Findings of Patients Who Underwent Sutureless Flanged Transconjunctival Intrascleral Intraocular Lens Implantation with or without Pars Plana Vitrectomy.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and complications of patients who underwent flanged transconjunctival sutureless intrascleral intraocular lens (SIS IOL) implantation after anterior and pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: All patients who underwent flanged transconjunctival SIS IOL fixation using a 27-gauge needle between September 2017 and November 2019 and were followed up for at least six months were evaluated. The cases in which anterior vitrectomy was performed were classified as Group 1, and those that underwent pars plana vitrectomy were classified as Group 2.

Incidentally Detected Gastrointestinal Wall Thickness on Abdominal Computed Tomography; What Does it Mean for Endoscopy?

Background: The clinical significance of gastrointestinal wall thickening (GWT) on abdominal computed tomography (CT) is not certain, yet. Despite the need for clinical guidelines describing the importance and evaluation of GWT on a CT scan, there have been few studies evaluating these incidental imaging abnormalities. The aim of this study is to endoscopically evaluate certain etiologies that cause incidental GWT found on CT.

Endoscopic Hernia Repair: A Novel Technique for the Repair of Inguinal Hernia in a Cadaver Model.

Background: The techniques of total extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair have been conducted for laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia since long. However, they offer significant disadvantages of requiring general anesthesia, producing negative cosmetic outcomes, and other serious complications. We examined the feasibility of applying an endoscopic method alternative to total extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal for laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia in a cadaver model so as to overcome the disadvantages of the presently available techniques.

Are YouTube Videos Useful in Informing Patients about Keratoplasty?

: The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of videos on YouTube as educational resources about keratoplasty surgery.: The first 100 videos found after the keyword "keratoplasty for patients" was used in the YouTube search engine were included in the study. General video assessment included duration, views, likes, dislikes, and comments.

Endophthalmitis in Retinopathy of Prematurity after Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection.

We report the case of a male infant who had an intravitreal anti-VEGF (aflibercept) injection for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity at 35-week postmenstrual age. Four days following the injection, retinal imaging demonstrated a yellowish gray blurred mass that extended into the vitreous in the right eye, and the vitreous body was blurred. After two days, despite starting endophthalmitis treatment, there was still no improvement in the retinal lesion.

Weighted Comparison of the Corneal Topographic Data in Intracapsular versus Ciliary Sulcus Intraocular Lens Implantation during Phacoemulsification Surgery.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative changes in corneal topography, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual acuity in patients who developed posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification surgery and simultaneously underwent ciliary sulcus intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and in those with intact capsular integrity who simultaneously underwent intracapsular IOL implantation and to compare these changes within and between the two groups.

Methods: Among the 855 patients, 92 eyes of 69 patients whose corneal topography, IOP, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were successfully measured were included in the study. Preliminary chamber parameters [horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID), iridocorneal angle, anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber depth (ACD)] were measured before and after surgery using a Sirius corneal topography device.

Causes of Blindness in the Adult Population in Somalia.

Objectives: To evaluate the causes and frequency of blindness among the adult Somali population according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Materials And Methods: The data of 2,605 patients over 18 years old who presented to our tertiary hospital in Mogadishu (the capital of Somalia) were evaluated. Patients with best corrected visual acuity of less than 3/60 in both eyes were categorized as bilaterally blind and those with best corrected visual acuity of less than 3/60 in one eye but 3/60 or better in the other eye were classified as monocularly blind, as per the WHO classification.

The effect of electronic cigarette smoking on retinal microcirculation: Enlargement of the foveal avascular zone.

Background: To evaluate retinal microcirculation in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smokers using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: OCTA measurements were performed on the left eyes of 21 e-cigarette smokers and 21 healthy controls. Superficial and deep foveal, perifoveal and parafoveal vessel densities, outer retina and choriocapillaris flow area, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and central macular thickness were evaluated in both groups.

Effect of macular edema in the premature period on refraction in infants screened and treated for retinopathy of prematurity.

Background: To determine the effect of macular edema on refraction in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at the ages of one, two and three years using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

Methods: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to detect and categorize edema in 280 eyes of 280 premature infants. The cross-sectional spectral domain OCT imaging of the macular region was performed between weeks 36 and 42 to assess macular development.

The Effect of Hemodialysis on Axial Length, Ocular Surface, and Intraocular Pressure in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length, and ocular surface in patients with end-stage renal failure after single-session hemodialysis treatment and to examine the correlation of these findings with systemic hemodynamic parameters.

Patients And Methods: A total of 112 eyes of 112 patients enrolled in a hemodialysis treatment program for three times a week (approximately four hours per session) for at least three months in our hospital between December 2019 and March 2020 were included in the study. Approximately 30 minutes before and after hemodialysis, the best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination, IOP measurement, and dilated fundus examination with the Goldmann applanation tonometer were performed in all patients.

Different approaches in diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis: Results of attitude survey.

Background: Acute biliary pancreatitis is one of the most frequently encountered diseases among general surgeons in emergency surgical diseases. Differences in diagnosis and treatment management of these patients, varying from physician to physician, are common in clinical practice. We aimed to present these differences and discuss the results in the light of current guidelines in the literature.

Cancer Incidence and Distribution at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Somalia from 2017 to 2020: An Initial Report of 1306 Cases.

Purpose: To determine the type, frequency and distribution of all cancers in Somalia from 2017 to 2020.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective and descriptive study included the review of a total of 5238 pathology reports obtained from the medical records of the Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Education and Research Hospital. Patient characteristics, lesion localization, and histopathology were recorded.

Prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in a Somalia population.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients over 40 years that presented to our tertiary hospital in Somalia Mogadishu.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 1550 patients older than 40 years that presented to the ophthalmology clinic of Somalia Mogadishu - Turkey Training and Research Hospital. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, intraocular pressure, and optical cup/disk (C/D) ratio, and central corneal thickness measurements were taken.

Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels and Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis in Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.

Purpose: It was aimed to assess the role of thiol-disulphide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) level in the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-six study patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 43 patients with T2DM and DME, and Group 2 included 23 patients with T2DM without eye involvement.

Assessment of Doppler flow parameters of the retrobulbar arteries and internal carotid artery in patients with glaucoma: the significance of ophthalmic artery peak ratio and the intima-media thickness of the internal carotid artery.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze flow parameters of the central retinal artery (CRA), ophthalmic artery (OA), and internal carotid artery (ICA) assessed by color Doppler ultrasound.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (PAAG), 65 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and 45 healthy controls, a total of 145 patients were included in this study and study participants were divided into three groups. All study participants underwent color Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow parameters of CRA, OA and ICA.

Bomb Explosion: Ocular Effects of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Mechanisms.

Purpose: To report the type and severity of ocular injuries sustained by the survivors of a bomb-loaded explosion that occurred in Mogadishu, Somalia on December 28, 2019.

Patients And Methods: The recorded data included age, gender, wounded eye, initial examination of ocular injuries and associated systemic injuries, initial visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examinations. The type of injury (open vs closed globe), the injured zone of the globe, and the presence of a relative afferent pupil defect were evaluated in all cases where possible.

Head and neck injuries after a bomb explosion: Diagnostic findings and treatment approaches.

Objective: To identify the types and severity of head, face and neck (HFN) injuries, which occurred as a result of a bomb explosion and reached serious life-threatening levels, using radiological imaging methods, and to discuss the options of treatment at the time of presentation.

Methods: Of the 16 patients brought to the emergency department, 14 with HFN injuries were included in the study. Computed tomography (CT) and radiography scans were performed at the time of presentation in all patients, except for one.

Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy: The Risk Factors and the Reasons; A Retrospective Analysis of 1950 Cases of a Single Tertiary Center.

Purpose: We investigated the reasons, rates, and risk factors for the conversion to open cholecystectomies (CTOC) by statistical analysis with the demographic properties.

Materials And Methods: Demographic properties (age and sex), abdominal operations, and intraoperative and postoperative reasons for cholecystectomies were analyzed in 1950 patients.

Results: The patients included 1540 (79%) women and 410 (21%) men (F/M=3.

Can Early 'Shallow' Needle-knife Papillotomy be the First Choice in ERCP?

Purpose: Needle-knife sphincterotomy, known as 'precut' is recommended as the second option in the case of difficult cannulation due to its potential higher complication (bleeding and perforation) rates. The aim of this study was to present our experience on early shallow needle-knife papillotomy (eSNKP) as the first-line choice independently of standard technique with or without difficult cannulation.

Materials And Methods: A total of 70 patients underwent therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Preprocedural Administration of Simethicone and Otilonium Bromide Improves the Quality of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Purpose: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) is performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with pancreaticobiliary diseases. We investigated the role of simethicone and concomitant otilonium bromide during ERCP.

Patients And Methods: This prospective randomized study included 120 patients who underwent ERCP (study and control group=60 patients each).

Management of Gallstone-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Pregnancy: A Tertiary-Center Experience.

Objectives: Gallbladder stones are the most frequently reported etiology of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy and are often diagnosed in the third trimester. This condition is associated with both mother and infant morbidity and mortality, and its treatment remains controversial.

Methods: Relevant patient data between September 2010 and April 2017 from the Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital were analyzed regarding etiology (of gallstone pancreatitis), trimester of pregnancy, diagnostic tools, pancreatitis stage, clinical status, medical treatment, surgical interventions, and pregnancy status.