The predictive value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in normotensive critically ill septic patients.

Objective: Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function using speckle tracking echocardiography is more sensitive than conventional echocardiographic measurement in detecting subtle left ventricular dysfunction in septic patients. Our purpose was to investigate the predictive significance of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in normotensive septic intensive care patients.

Methods: This observational, prospective cohort study included septic normotensive adults admitted to the intensive care unit between June 1, 2021, and August 31, 2021.

Capsaicin attenuates excitotoxic-induced neonatal brain injury and brain mast cell-mediated neuroinflammation in newborn rats.

Excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation are key contributors to perinatal brain injuries. Capsaicin, an active ingredient of chili peppers, is a potent exogenous agonist for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors. Although the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of capsaicin are well-documented, its effects on excitotoxic-induced neonatal brain injury and neuroinflammation have not previously been investigated.

Can hyperoxic stress cause susceptibility to acute seizure in the neonatal period?: a rat study.

Preterm neonates encounter hyperoxia relatively early, and are more exposed to hyperoxic stress due to their insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study was planned around the hypothesis that this hyperoxic effect may cause a disposition to future acute seizures. This study was composed of two main groups Hyperoxy and Control (Room air with normal O levels) Groups.

Activation of TRESK background potassium channels by cloxyquin exerts protective effects against excitotoxic-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation in neonatal rats.

We investigated effects of activation of TRESK channels by selective activator cloxyquin on excitotoxic-induced brain injury and neuroinflammation involving brain mast cells and inflammatory cytokines in neonatal rats. Three different doses of cloxyquin (0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg) were studied in ibotenate-induced perinatal brain injury (PBI) in P5 rat-pups.

Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of neonates with late-onset COVID-19: 1-year data of Turkish Neonatal Society.

Unlabelled: The literature on neonates with SARS-CoV-2 is mainly concerned with perinatal cases, and scanty data are available about environmentally infected neonates. To fill knowledge gaps on the course and prognosis of neonatal cases, we analyzed 1-year data from the Turkish Neonatal Society in this prospective cohort study of neonates with postnatal transmission. Data from 44 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), of neonates with positive RT-PCR results at days 5-28 of life, were extracted from the online registry system and analyzed.

Plasma levels of vasoactive neuropeptides in pediatric patients with migraine during attack and attack-free periods.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that vasoactive neuropeptides such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38), substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide are involved in the pathophysiology of migraine in adults, but their role in pediatric migraineurs remains unclear. We prospectively investigated plasma levels of these vasoactive neuropeptides in pediatric migraine patients without aura and compared the results with those of age-matched healthy controls.

Methods: Thirty-eight children aged 6-18 years with migraine without aura and 20 age-matched control subjects were included in the study.

Epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy: A retrospective observational study.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine risk factors for epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) development in children with cerebral palsy.

Method: Two hundred twenty-nine patients presenting to the pediatric neurology clinic and diagnosed as having cerebral palsy between November 2016 and November 2019 were included in the study. Medical histories and clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings were examined retrospectively from patient records in the hospital data system.

The role of clinical signs in the diagnosis of papilledema: development of an algorithm.

Purpose: The aim of this study was not only to emphasize the role of clinical signs as well as ophthalmologic evaluation for accurate and differential diagnosis of papilledema (PE), but also to present an instructive algorithm that would help to eliminate unnecessary examinations and treatments.

Method: The files of 43 patients (ages 0-18) diagnosed with PE were retrospectively reviewed. The study included 25 patients from our pediatric neurology outpatient clinic, who were thought to have PE, and 18 patients, who were referred from the external centers to our hospital with a pre-diagnosis of PE.

The role of obesity and vitamin D deficiency in primary headaches in childhood.

This study evaluates the role of obesity, overweight and vitamin D deficiency in primary headaches in childhood. This retrospective observational study included pediatric patients aged 5-17 years admitted to the pediatric neurology clinic with headaches between January 2015 and August 2018 and diagnosed with primary headache based on ICHD III-beta criteria. The control group consisted of healthy children without headache admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinic for check-ups before engaging in athletic or school activities.

Nasopharyngeal mature teratoma in the newborn.

Teratomas which originate from two or three germ layers are the most common congenital tumors of the childhood and are usually observed in the sacrococcygeal region. The nasopharynx is a considerably rare localization. Nazopharyngeal tumors may lead to significant findings including apnea, respiratory distress and stridor in newborns.

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation with or without very early surfactant therapy for the primary treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.

Aim: Current evidence suggests that nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as a primary treatment for RDS reduces the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) comparing with nasal continuous airway pressure (NCPAP). We aimed to evaluate whether very early surfactant treatment decreases the need for MV when used in premature infants treated with early NIPPV soon after birth.

Methods: The inclusion criteria of this prospective cohort study were a gestational age of 24-31(6/7) weeks and supplemental oxygen with the evidence of labored breathing within 60 min.

Effect of induced hypothermia on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in neonatal rats.

Objectives: Recent data suggest that induced hypothermia has some protective effects on experimental lung injury. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of mild hypothermia in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neonatal lung injury.

Methods: Wistar rat pups were divided into four groups, specifically: (i) A control group, with no LPS administration and maintained in room air; (ii) A LPS group, with antenatal LPS administrated and maintained in room air; (iii) A LPS + hypothermia group, with antenatal LPS administrated and exposed to hypothermia; (iv) A hypothermia group, with no LPS administration and exposed to hypothermia.

Protective effects of pentoxifylline on lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in a rat model of periventricular leukomalasia.

Objective: To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of maternal pentoxifylline (PNTX) treatment in endotoxin-induced periventricular leukomalasia (PVL) in the developing rat brain.

Method: Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide was administered on two of three Wistar pregnant rats to establish PVL. To obtain PNTX-treated group, one of the two dams were injected with PNTX.

Neuroprotective effect of neotrofin in a neonatal rat model of periventricular leukomalacia.

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the dominant form of brain injury in premature infants and no specific treatment is currently available. Neotrofin, a neurotrophin agonist, has been shown to provide neuroprotection in several in vivo and in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of neotrofin treatment after endotoxin induced PVL in a rat model.

Maternal prenatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation attenuates hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in the developing rat brain.

Supraphysiologic amounts of oxygen negatively influences brain maturation and development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether maternal ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 FA) supplementation during pregnancy protects the developing brain against hyperoxic injury. Thirty-six rat pups from six different dams were divided into six groups according to the diet modifications and hyperoxia exposure.

Maternal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced white matter injury in the neonatal rat brain.

Objectives: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury in premature infants, and no specific treatment currently exists for this condition. We have evaluated whether maternal omega-3 fatty acid (ω3 FA) treatment reduces endotoxin-induced PVL in the developing rat brain.

Methods: Wistar rats with dated pregnancies were fed a standard diet or a diet enriched in ω3 FA (70% docosahexaenoic acid + 30% eicosapentaenoic acid mixture) during gestation.

Salmonella typhimurium outbreak in a neonatal unit in Turkey.

Objective: To analyze an outbreak caused by a multiple resistant strain of S. typhimurium in a newborn unit in Turkey.

Methods: The outbreak occurred during the period 15 to 29 March,2005.

Serum and muscle carnitine levels in epileptic children receiving sodium valproate.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with epilepsy undergoing valproate therapy and who are otherwise healthy have lower levels of serum and muscle carnitine. A total of 50 patients with epilepsy, 3 to 14 years of age, who were treated solely with valproate and free of abnormal neurologic findings or nutritional problems were selected. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children.