Publications by authors named "Mussini C"
Background: Individuals who have recently acquired HIV represent a unique population because the time frame since HIV acquisition is relatively short and identification of missed HIV prevention opportunities is, therefore, closer to real time and less subject to recall bias. Identifying prevention measures used and missed opportunities for using them, can help stop further HIV transmission.
Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesise current global evidence on uptake of HIV prevention methods among people with recently acquired HIV from 2007, the year that the concept of ART as a prevention method was first introduced.
Introduction: Fusobacterium necrophorum is a rare but significant cause of septic arthritis, typically following oropharyngeal infections in adolescents. This anaerobic pathogen, commonly associated with Lemierre's syndrome, can lead to joint infections, posing risks for severe morbidity if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Awareness and timely intervention are essential for preventing long-term joint damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present article presents a case report and literature review concerning the subspecies (SEZ), a rare zoonotic pathogen in humans. The case involves a 62-year-old man with no prior heart disease, presenting with endocarditis, pneumonia, and meningitis following close contact with a horse. The patient underwent urgent aortic valve replacement due to severe valvular damage caused by the infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with secondary fungal infections such as mucormycosis. We investigated the relapse rate of mucormycosis and its risk factors.
Methodology: A prospective study was conducted on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) patients discharged from Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran, from July 2021 to February 2022.
Objectives: We compared the effectiveness and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) and dolutegravir plus lamivudine (DTG + 3TC) in our cohort of treatment-naive people with HIV (PWH).
Methods: In a multicentre cohort of treatment-naive PWH starting a first-line regimen with either dolutegravir plus lamivudine or BIC/FTC/TAF, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate time to virological failure (VF) and time to treatment discontinuation (TD), whereas Cox regression was used to evaluate predictors of VF and TD. Changes in CD4+ cell count were assessed via non-parametric tests, and linear regression analyses were performed to explore predictors of CD4+ cell count changes.
Introduction: HIV replication leads to a change in lymphocyte phenotypes that impairs immune protection against opportunistic infections. We examined current HIV replication as an independent risk factor for tuberculosis (TB).
Methods: We included people living with HIV from 25 European cohorts 1983-2015.
Article Synopsis
- The SOLAR study compared the effectiveness of a long-acting injection treatment (CAB + RPV LA) to a daily oral regimen (BIC/FTC/TAF) for HIV over 12 months, showing that the injection was just as effective in managing the virus.
- Out of 670 participants, those who switched to CAB + RPV LA reported significantly higher treatment satisfaction and better mental health outcomes compared to those who continued with BIC/FTC/TAF.
- 90% of participants preferred the long-acting injection, indicating a positive shift in perceptions regarding HIV treatment by reducing psychological challenges associated with daily medication regimens.
The Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021-30; the Decade), proclaimed by the UN in 2020, is a global initiative aimed at fostering collaborations to transform the world into a better place to live and grow older in. The Decade presents a positive vision of ageing, discarding the stereotypes of diseases and disabilities and promoting focus on capacities and abilities. This approach will help to foster a more inclusive world and, consequently, care systems, which value the dignity of each individual.
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- * A study from a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2022 revealed a significant increase in cases (3.3-fold) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic years, though liver characteristics remained similar across both periods.
- * Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy was noted during the pandemic, and conducting liver biopsies is recommended for undetermined acute hepatitis cases, even if autoimmune antibodies are negative.
Article Synopsis
- Early diagnosis of kidney damage after lung transplantation is crucial due to its negative impact on patient prognosis.
- A study analyzed 100 kidney biopsies from lung transplant patients, finding that chronic renal dysfunction was the main reason for biopsy, revealing a variety of chronic kidney lesions.
- Key factors linked to the risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease included postoperative dialysis, high levels of proteinuria, and significant glomerulosclerosis, highlighting the need for timely nephrologist referrals.
: Infections frequently occur after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and are associated with increased mortality. In 2018, we introduced perioperative administration of intravenous immunoglobulin enriched in IgM as an optional therapy in recipients at a high risk of infection. This preliminary study evaluated whether this preparation reduced infections in the early post-transplantation period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Tuberculosis (TB) risk after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is not well described in a European setting, with an average TB incidence of 25/10 in the background population.
Methods: We included all adult persons with HIV starting ART in the RESPOND cohort between 2012 and 2020. TB incidence rates (IR) were assessed for consecutive time intervals post-ART initiation.
Background: With integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) use associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and BMI increases associated with higher diabetes mellitus (DM) risk, this study explored the relationship between INSTI/non-INSTI regimens, BMI changes, and DM risk.
Methods: RESPOND participants were included if they had CD4, HIV RNA, and ≥ 2 BMI measurements during follow up. Those with prior DM were excluded.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed HIV-1 sequences from 2386 drug-naïve individuals in Italy from 2015 to 2021 to assess the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among them.
- TDR prevalence was found to be 8%, with a slight difference between B subtypes (9.5%) and non-B subtypes (6.1%), and it remained stable over the years assessed.
- The research indicated that certain subtypes were associated with lower TDR rates, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring of TDR in newly diagnosed HIV patients to improve treatment strategies.
Objectives: Advancements in Artificial Intelligence(AI) have made platforms like ChatGPT increasingly relevant in medicine. This study assesses ChatGPT's utility in addressing bacterial infection-related questions and antibiogram-based clinical cases.
Methods: This study involved a collaborative effort involving infectious disease (ID) specialists and residents.
Objective: We investigated the performance of enzyme linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in high-risk patients with hematologic malignancies.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled two cohorts of patients undergoing intensive myelosuppressive or immunosuppressive treatments at high risk for IA. ELISpot was performed to detect Aspergillus-specific T cells producing Interleukin-10.
Article Synopsis
- The study explored the impact of newer antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on chronic liver enzyme elevation (cLEE) in people with HIV who started ARVs after January 1, 2012.
- Over the follow-up period, 11.3% of participants experienced cLEE, with higher rates observed in the first year but no cumulative effect from ARV use over time.
- Notably, the use of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) increased the risk of cLEE, while darunavir (DRV) appeared to reduce the risk.
Article Synopsis
- Patients with hematological malignancies are at a higher risk for severe COVID-19 during the Omicron variant's prevalence, with significant health impacts observed in those with negative SARS-CoV2 serology.
- A study of 112 patients revealed that seronegative individuals were older, more likely to have certain types of cancer, and faced worse health outcomes, including higher rates of respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, and COVID-related death.
- The findings suggest that negative SARS-CoV2 serology can serve as a useful indicator to identify patients at increased risk for severe complications from COVID-19, highlighting the importance of serology testing in managing these patients.
Article Synopsis
- Meropenem-vaborbactam is a new treatment option for infections caused by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly those resistant to ceftazidime-avibactam.
- A study of 342 patients across 19 hospitals in Italy evaluated the outcomes of those treated with meropenem-vaborbactam, finding a 30-day mortality rate of 31.6%.
- The research identified risk factors for higher mortality, including septic shock, significant comorbidities, and delayed treatment, while the administration of the drug within 48 hours of infection onset was linked to better outcomes.
Background: Women with HIV are globally underrepresented in clinical research. Existing studies often focus on reproductive outcomes, seldom focus on older women, and are often underpowered to assess sex/gender differences. We describe CD4, HIV viral load (VL), clinical characteristics, comorbidity burden, and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among women with HIV in the RESPOND study and compare them with those of the men in RESPOND.
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- The study evaluates ChatGPT's potential in providing accurate and inclusive information on HIV prevention through an assessment conducted by a diverse team of medical professionals and community experts.
- Results showed that ChatGPT had high accuracy (median score of 5.5/6) and completeness (median score of 3/3), but inclusivity scores (median of 2/3) revealed some outdated terminology and underrepresentation of certain communities.
- While ChatGPT performs well in delivering scientifically accurate information, it needs improvement in socio-political context and inclusivity to enhance health communication effectiveness.
Article Synopsis
- There are new superbugs called drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli that are tough to treat and require special antibiotics.
- A group of experts from France and Italy got together to share their knowledge and come up with solutions for doctors on how to treat these infections.
- They agreed on specific antibiotics to use for different types of serious infections, like pneumonia and urinary tract infections, to help doctors choose the best treatments.
Associations between change in BMI and the risk of hypertension and dyslipidaemia in people receiving integrase strand-transfer inhibitors, tenofovir alafenamide, or both compared with other contemporary antiretroviral regimens: a multicentre, prospective observational study from the RESPOND consortium cohorts.
Lancet HIV
May 2024
Background: Integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and tenofovir alafenamide have been associated with weight gain in several clinical trials and observational cohorts. However, whether weight gain associated with INSTIs and tenofovir alafenamide confers a higher risk of weight-related clinical events is unclear. We aimed to assess whether changes in BMI differentially increase hypertension or dyslipidaemia risk in people with HIV receiving INSTIs, tenofovir alafenamide, or both versus other contemporary regimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: People with HIV (PWH) have high risk of liver fibrosis. We investigated the effect of weight gain and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on liver fibrosis dynamics.
Design: Multicenter cohort study.