Comparison of Novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson Equations for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients.

Background: The accurate determination of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is important to reach guideline-recommended LDL-C concentrations and to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. The commonly used Friedewald equation (LDL-Cf), gives inaccurate results in diabetic patients due to accompanying diabetic dyslipidemia. Recently two new equations - Martin/Hopkins (LDL-Cmh) and Sampson (LDL-Cs) - were developed to improve the accuracy of LDL-C estimation, but data are insufficient to suggest the superiority of one equation over the other one.

Lack of right ventricular hypertrophy is associated with right heart failure in patients with left ventricular failure.

Presence of right heart failure (RHF) is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with left ventricular failure (LVF). While the cause of RHF secondary to LVF is multifactorial, an increased right ventricular (RV) afterload is believed as the major cause of RHF. However, data are scarce on the adaptive responses of the RV in patients with LVF.

Carotid artery stenting without embolic protection: A randomized multicenter trial (the CASWEP trial).

Background: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) with a carotid protection device (CPD) has become the standard practice in patients with severe carotid stenosis and high surgical risk. However, the clinical efficacy and safety of CPDs are still controversial issues. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of the CAS without CPD with CAS combined with CPD.

Transcutaneous Puncture and Successfully Retrieval of Undeflated Peripheral Angioplasty Balloon.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has gained increasing popularity in the treatment of peripheral artery disease. However, the increase in the frequency of this procedure also increases the risk of complications. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has serious and general complications in terms of device and technique at puncture and dilatation sites.

Peripheral neural blockade for pain control in patients undergoing percutaneous angioplasty for complex infrapopliteal disease.

In recent years, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has become the preferred revascularization option for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and infrapopliteal (IP) arterial disease. CLTI and IP disease require complex and lengthy procedures that necessitate multiple balloon inflations and frequent contrast injections. It will lead to severe discomfort if periprocedural pain control is inadequate.

What should be the Optimal Carotid Stent Opening Rate Without Post-Dilation?

Background: There is not a widely accepted optimal rate of stent opening in patients underwent carotid artery stenting. In this study we evaluated the effect of carotid stent opening rate (CSOR) without performing post-dilation on in-hospital and long-term outcomes.

Methods: A total of 825 patient patients underwent carotid artery stenting without post-dilation enrolled to the study.

Atrial fibrillation associated with carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide intoxication occurs usually via inhalation of carbon monoxide that is emitted as a result of a fire, furnace, space heater, generator, motor vehicle. A 37-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department at about 5:00 a.m.

Simultaneous kissing stent technique for bifurcation lesion in a saphenous Y-graft.

Coronary artery bifurcation disease of a saphenous vein graft (SVG) is extremely rare. SVG disease remains a challenging lesion to treat because of increased morbidity and mortality with repeated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, a high rate of periprocedural complications, and in-stent restenosis or occlusion requiring repeat revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention. Presently described is use of the simultaneous kissing stent technique to treat inverted Y SVG bifurcation disease in a patient with a prior CABG and new-onset acute coronary syndrome.

A rare complication of percutaneous closure of coronary artery fistula: Inability to retrieve coil.

Coronary fistulae may lead to coronary steal phenomenon or considerable volume overload on the cardiac chambers, causing significant hemodynamic problems. Coronary fistulae can be closed either surgically or percutaneously. Percutaneous closure is frequently performed with coil embolization or a vascular plug.

Revascularization of superficial femoral artery due to chronic total occlusion: Collateral approach.

Endovascular interventions are now used more frequently in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusions, and antegrade passage through the occlusion is preferred as the first option. However, when antegrade passage fails for any of several reasons, retrograde, or less frequently, collateral passage may be used. Although collateral passage may present serious complications, it can be successfully applied in selected cases in experienced centers.

Imaging of large coronary fistula using echocardiography.

Coronary fistulas are defined as the presence of an abnormal connection between the coronary arteries and the low-pressure vascular area or the cardiac cavity. The clinical significance depends on the amount of blood flow through the fistula segment, the volumetric load on the right and left heart chambers, and whether it leads to a coronary steal phenomenon. Although fistula flow can be better visualized by angiographic methods, it can also be seen by echocardiography.

Percutaneous retrieval of embolized Amplatzer septal occluder from pulmonary artery using a novel method.

Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects is accepted as a safe and effective treatment method. Device embolization is a rare, but potentially fatal complication. While embolized devices are typically removed surgically, in eligible cases, they can also be removed percutaneously at an experienced center.

In-Hospital and long term results of primary angioplasty and medical therapy in nonagenarian patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Although percutaneous coronary intervention is an accepted "first-line" therapy in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in general population, few data are available on the short- and long-term outcomes of very old patients (age >90 years). Our aim is to evaluate and compare the short and long-term outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) or medical therapy in nonagenarian patients with STEMI. We retrospectively identified patients older than 90 years old in our clinic, with acute STEMI who presented within 12 hours after symptoms onset, either underwent PPCI or medically treated.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with left atrial myxoma.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with left atrial (LA) myxoma.

Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients with LA myxoma (10 men, mean age: 49.3 ± 15.

Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention associated with reduced platelet activation.

Objectives: To determine the effect of thrombectomy on platelet function in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods: This retrospective study included 413 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent PPCI between March 2012 and September 2013 at Kartal Kosuyolu High Specialty Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey that were assigned to the thrombus aspiration (TA) group or the non-TA group. Platelet count and mean platelet volume (MPV) were obtained at baseline and 24 hours (h), 48 h, and 72 h post PPCI.

Determinants of Atrial Electromechanical Delay in Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation and Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: Atrial conduction time has important hemodynamic effects on ventricular filling and is accepted as a predictor of atrial fibrillation. In this study we assessed atrial conduction time in patients with non ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCMP) and functional mitral regurgitation (MR) and aimed to determine factors predicting atrial conduction time prolongation.

Methods: Sixty five patients with non ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy who have moderate to severe MR and 60 control subjects were included in the study.

The Relationship between Pre-Infarction Angina and Serum Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Levels.

Background: Pre-infarction angina reduces myocardial infarct size by preventing the myocardium from being subjected to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ischemic preconditioning is the proposed mechanism for this effect. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) activates ischemic preconditioning pathways and may play a role in the presence of cardioprotective effects of pre-infarction angina.

Acetylsalicylic Acid resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetes & non-diabetic coronary artery disease.

Unlabelled: Objective : Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiaggregant effect of ASA is not uniform in all patients. Purpose of the present study is to evaluate the prevalence of ASA resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pre-diabetes and non-diabetic coronary artery disease (CAD).

A cockscomb-like aneurysm of the right coronary artery after bare metal stent implantation.

Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) formation is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening event after coronary balloon angioplasty or stent implantation. In this report, we present a case of a patient who had a cockscomb-like aneurysm after bare metal stent implantation which was successfully treated with a coronary graft stent.

Comparison of short-term outcomes after carotid artery stenting according to different stent designs.

Introduction: In the developed countries, stroke is the third most common cause of death. There are many data indicating that stents reduce the risk of embolism but there are few publications assessing whether different stent designs can influence the periprocedural complications.

Aim: To determine the effects of open- and closed-cell stent designs on 1-month results of carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Percutaneous treatment of superior vena cava syndrome caused by chronic thrombosis.

Chronic upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) and superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) are becoming increasingly common due to the use of indwelling catheters and implantable central venous access devices. Hypercoagulable syndromes, malignancy, extrinsic compression, and tumor invasion are other causes. Endovascular management of chronic UEDVT and SVCS is accepted as an important first-line treatment given its high overall success rate and low morbidity as compared with medical and surgical treatments.