Effect of 1-MCP and KMnO4 treatments with different packaging on quality preservation of golden delicious apples.

This study explored the impact of three packaging materials (wooden boxes, corrugated fiber boxes, shrink-wrapped boxes) combined with two ethylene scrubbers (1-MCP, KMnO) on the shelf life of Golden Delicious apples. While previous research has extensively studied the effects of packaging and ethylene inhibitors independently, the novelty of this work lies in its combined evaluation of these factors under ambient storage conditions over an extended period of 160 days. The study specifically addresses a research gap by directly comparing the efficacy of 1-MCP and KMnO within different packaging environments, offering insights into their combined influence on key quality parameters such as firmness, juice yield, rot incidence, physiological loss in weight (PLW), acidity, and total soluble solids (TSS).

Impact of spray drying conditions on the reconstitution, efficiency and flow properties of spray dried apple powder-optimization, sensorial and rheological assessment.

Spray drying is a preferred choice for development of highly soluble, rapidly dispersible apple powder. However, adhesion during spray drying of syrups and juices is encountered which leads to product loss. The main solution to reduce adhesion is using drying aids.

TGF-β signaling: A recap of SMAD-independent and SMAD-dependent pathways.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to control a diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and tumorigenesis. TGF-β-mediated physiological effects are heterogeneous and vary among different types of cells and environmental conditions. TGF-β serves as an antiproliferative agent and inhibits tumor development during primary stages of tumor progression; however, during the later stages, it encourages tumor development and mediates metastatic progression and chemoresistance.

Growth inhibition by bupivacaine is associated with inactivation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1.

Bupivacaine is an amide type long acting local anesthetic used for epidural anesthesia and nerve blockade in patients. Use of bupivacaine is associated with severe cytotoxicity and apoptosis along with inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. Although inhibition of Erk, Akt, and AMPK seemingly appears to mediate some of the bupivacaine effects, potential downstream targets that mediate its effect remain unknown.