Rising mortality rates linked to type-2 diabetes and obesity in the United States: An observational analysis from 1999 to 2022.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are increasing in the United States. However, population-level data for mortality trends due to T2D and obesity are limited. This study aims to assess these death trends among adults in the United States categorized by sex, race, and geographical location.

Nationwide Cross-Sectional Analysis of Mortality Trends in Patients with Sarcoidosis and Non-Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease-The Impact of Gender, Ethnicity, Geographical Location, and COVID-19 Pandemic.

The epidemiological data regarding mortality rates of adults with sarcoidosis and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD) are limited. A retrospective observational analysis was conducted to identify trends and disparities related to sarcoidosis and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease mortality among the adult US population from 1999 to 2022. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER database to extract death certificate data for the adult US population (≥25 years).

Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Versus Angiography-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Control Trials.

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) allows better assessment of coronary artery lesion characteristics than angiography alone. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively synthesize the available evidence regarding the efficacy of IVUS guidance compared to angiography-guided PCI.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of major bibliographic databases from inception until April 2024 was conducted to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing IVUS-guided PCI versus angiography-guided PCI.

Subclinical Myocardial Dysfunction Assessment Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients With Psoriasis: A Pilot Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with elevated cardiovascular risk due to inflammatory and oxidative stress. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) can detect both regional and global myocardial strain. Impairment of ventricular strain can assist in the early detection of myocardial dysfunction.

Temporal trends and disparities in atherosclerosis-associated cerebrovascular disease mortality in the United States, 1999-2020.

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CEVD) accounts for the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite recent advancements in treatment strategies, the prevalence and cost associated with CEVD are rising. Atherosclerosis significantly contributes to CEVD risk by restricting cerebral blood flow, leading to ischemic stroke.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults hospitalizations in the United States; evaluating patient characteristics, COVID-19 associations, and mortality.

Introduction: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is thought to be closely linked with COVID-19 infection. This study aims to elucidate the demographics and clinical characteristics of MIS-A, aiding in timely diagnosis and management.

Methods: Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2021), patients were stratified into MIS-A and non-MIS-A groups.

Hemodynamic and clinical outcomes with balloon-expandable valves versus self-expanding valves in patients with small aortic annulus undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A -analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity score matched studies.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is considered more effective than surgical aortic valve implantation for patients with a small aortic annulus (SAA), however, the comparative efficacy of different transcatheter heart valves (THVs) remains uncertain. A literature search was performed across databases from their inception until June 2024 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity-score matched (PSM) studies. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using a random-effects model to pool risk ratios (RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).

Continuation versus discontinuation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors before non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A large number of patients undergoing noncardiac surgeries are on long-term use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The current guidelines regarding the continuation or discontinuation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAAS) inhibitors before noncardiac surgery are conflicting. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether continuing or withholding RAAS inhibitors before noncardiac surgery influences perioperative mortality and complications.

Compression-only versus standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve survival rates in individuals with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Two CPR approaches are commonly utilized, standard (S-CPR) with mouth-to-mouth breathing and compression-only (CO-CPR). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare clinical outcomes associated with S-CPR versus CO-CPR in OHCA.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with coronary flow reserve impairment: A pilot meta-analysis.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect approximately 25% of the global population. Both, coronary artery disease and NAFLD are linked to underlying insulin resistance and inflammation as drivers of the disease. Coronary flow reserve parameters, including coronary flow reserve velocity (CFRV), baseline diastolic peak flow velocity (DPFV), and hyperemic DPFV, are noninvasive markers of coronary microvascular circulation.

Pericardial tamponade in coronary interventions: Morbidity and mortality.

Background: Cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade (PT) can be a complication following invasive cardiac procedures.

Methods: Patients who underwent various procedures in the cardiac catheterization lab (viz. coronary interventions) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (International classification of diseases [ICD]-9-Clinical modification [CM] and ICD-10-CM, respectively) from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.

Colchicine Prevents Post-Ablation Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is a commonly performed procedure, however, post-ablation AF recurrence is often observed due to inflammation and oxidative stress. Colchicine is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with conflicting efficacy in preventing post-ablation AF recurrence. A comprehensive literature search of the major bibliographic databases was conducted to retrieve studies comparing colchicine use versus placebo in AF patients post-ablation.

Outcomes of definite vs probable/presumed cardiac sarcoidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), which can be associated with arrhythmias and heart failure, remains challenging despite multiple advances over time. The 2014 Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) consensus statement recommends an endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) to establish a definite diagnosis of CS. In the absence of a positive EMB, a diagnosis of probable or presumed CS is made on the basis of clinical and imaging criteria.

Efficacy and Outcomes of Stenting Versus Balloon Angioplasty for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Infrapopliteal Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its severe complication, chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Conventionally, balloon angioplasty has been regarded as superior to stenting in CLTI associated with infrapopliteal PAD. Stenting is often considered a "rescue" or "bail-out" procedure in managing CLTI.

Efficacy and safety of aspirin plus clopidogrel versus aspirin alone in ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Antiplatelet therapy plays an important role in reducing the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with mild ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack (TIA). However, data regarding the effectiveness and safety of using aspirin plus clopidogrel in dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared to aspirin alone in mild ischemic stroke is limited. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with or without Type 2 diabetes and heart failure (HF). However, studies have shown conflicting evidence regarding their efficacy in patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI). We conducted a pilot systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in MI.