Insight into Population Structure and Drug Resistance of Pediatric Tuberculosis Strains from China and Russia Gained through Whole-Genome Sequencing.

This study aimed to determine phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance patterns of strains from children with tuberculosis (TB) in China and Russia, two high-burden countries for multi/extensively-drug resistant (MDR/XDR) TB. Whole-genome sequencing data of isolates from China ( = 137) and Russia ( = 60) were analyzed for phylogenetic markers and drug-resistance mutations, followed by comparison with phenotypic susceptibility data. The Beijing genotype was detected in 126 Chinese and 50 Russian isolates.

Nonbacterial and bacterial osteomyelitis in children: a case-control retrospective study.

Purpose: Osteomyelitis is a group of bone infectious (bacterial osteomyeilitis-BO) and noninfectious inflammatory diseases (nonbacterial osteomyelitis-NBO) with similar clinical, radiology, and laboratory features. Many patients with NBO are misdiagnosed as BO and receive unnecessary antibiotics and surgery. Our study aimed to compare clinical and laboratory features of NBO and BO in children, to define key discriminative criteria, and to create an NBO diagnostic score (NBODS).

Presentation of severe brucellosis in 5-year-old boy - challenges and results.

Brucellosis is highly contagious zoonotic bacterial disease caused by gram-negative genus. It has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and due to variety and nonspecificity of clinical signs the diagnostics can be very complicated. We present a clinical case of severe chronic brucellosis in a 5-years old boy with long-term course of disease and multiorgan involvement.

BCG Infection in Patients With Inborn Errors of Immunity Receiving the Russian BCG Strain.

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guierin (BCG) vaccination complications are common in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) due to the inability to clear live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis. Various BCG-vaccine strains are used worldwide, and the profile of the Russian BCG strain vaccine complications in IEI is poorly characterized.

Objective: To evaluate risks of BCG infection in a large cohort of patients with IEI vaccinated with the Russian BCG strain.

[Surgical treatment of cervical spine tumors involving vertebral artery in children: analysis of small sample siz].

Objective: To analyze the features of cervical spine tumors involving vertebral artery in pediatric patients.

Material And Methods: A single center 2-year retrospective cohort includes 7 children with cervical spine tumors involving vertebral artery. Demographic data, duration of diagnostic process, clinical and radiological manifestations, features of surgical treatment, morphology, and postoperative outcomes were studied.

Cytokine profile in patients with chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the cytokine levels in pediatric chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) patients and compare these with other immune-mediated diseases and healthy controls.

Methods: In this prospective study, we included 42 children with CNO, 28 patients with non-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 17 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and 30 healthy age-matched controls. In each of the CNO patients and comparison groups, the levels of 14-3-3-η protein, S100A8/A9 protein, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA assay.

How nonbacterial osteomyelitis could be discriminated from tuberculosis in the early stages: the simple algorithm.

Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNО) and tuberculous osteomyelitis (TBO) are both primarily chronic inflammatory bone diseases with similar clinical and radiological findings, but entirely different in aetiology, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features which could discriminate the CNO and TBO. The study included 124 patients-91 with CNO and 33 with TBO.

The peculiarities and treatment outcomes of the spinal form of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children: a retrospective cohort study.

Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a group of immune-mediated diseases which appears in bone inflammation, destruction and some orthopaedic consequences, especially in the cases of spinal involvement. This study is to compare characteristics and treatment outcomes of CNO patients with spinal involvement. The retrospective cohort study included data from 91 pediatric patients with CNO.

Multilevel spinal reconstruction in pediatric patients under 4 years old with non-congenital pathology (10-year single-center cohort study).

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of anterior fusion option on the short- and long-time outcomes on multilevel spinal reconstructions in young children.

Methods: Forty-five patients aged under 4 years old (2 years 2 months ± 11 months in average) underwent spinal reconstruction due to tuberculosis spondylitis (35), pyogenic spondylitis (9) and spinal tumors (1) complicated by angular kyphosis exceeded 20° (49.2° ± 14.

Comparison of different treatment approaches of pediatric chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis.

Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a chronic inflammatory bone disease which usually manifests in children and adolescents. There are a few data about pathogenesis and treatment. The aim of the study to compare the efficacy of different treatment approaches in pediatric CNO cohort patient.

Surgical treatment of spondylitis and diaphragm relaxation in patient less than 1 year old.

Design: Case report.

Introduction: The combination of severe post-infectious kyphosis and diaphragm relaxation is extremely rare in patient early than 1 year old. Its no publications concerning their simultaneous surgical treatment.

A case study of occipital outgrowth: a rare suboccipital abnormality.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of uncommon upper cervical spine abnormality in children.

Methods: Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of three patients aged 6-12 years with a similar uncommon type of occipital anomaly are described. The patients were admitted in 2007, 2009, and 2014, respectively.

Tuberculous spondylitis in Russia and prominent role of multidrug-resistant clone Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing B0/W148.

Extrapulmonary and, in particular, spinal tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a minor but significant part of the total TB incidence. In spite of this, almost no studies on the genetic diversity and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from spinal TB patients have been published to date. Here, we report results of the first Russian and globally largest molecular study of M.

[Tuberculosis of the sternum in children].

Operations for tuberculosis and BCG lesion of the sternum were performed on 70 children of preschool age. Clinico-epidemiological features, results of complex X-ray investigation and complex treatment were analyzed. It was noted that in the recent years the number of children with the pathology in question became greater, the possibilities of standard roentgenography for the diagnosis are limited, computed tomography is of high diagnostic value as well as the efficiency of radical operations fulfilled against the background of combined antituberculous chemotherapy.

[Effectiveness of new diagnostic drug Diaskintest in children for tuberculosis diagnostic].

DST was ascertained to have a high sensitivity in virtually all patients with tuberculosis and a positive reaction was first noted in the infected. With stabilization and regression, the response to DST was much less pronounced than that in clinical and primary infection (that to the Mantoux test being more evident). DST showed its use as a marker of active tuberculosis not only in its local forms, but also in latent tuberculous infection.

[Clinical trials of the new skin test Diaskintest for the diagnosis of tuberculosis].

A new reagent for a skin test given the name Diaskintest has been designed for the screening diagnosis of tuberculosis and preclinical and clinical trials conducted. Preclinical trials were carried out on 315 laboratory animals (guinea-pigs, albino mice). The reagent Diaskintest was ascertained to be nontoxic, to have no sensitizing properties, to be safe and specific, and to induce no positive reactions in BCG-vaccinated animals and healthy guinea-pigs.

[Vertebral column growth in children after surgical correction of severe kyphosis in tuberculosis spondylitis].

The growth of the unit of vertebrae and intact vertebrae outside and within the instrumental fixation area was studied in children operated on for tuberculosis spondylitis complicated by severe kyphotic deformity. There was a considerable growth retardation of blocked vertebrae after radical spinal repair from the growth of intact vertebrae. Instrumental fixation of the vertebral column after its radical reconstruction causes no considerable retardation of the vertical growth of intact vertebral bodies; however, it leads to the advanced growth of their anterior versus posterior portions, which mediates a supplementary self-correction of residual kyphosis during growth.

[Suboccipital tuberculosis: the clinical and radiation and potentialities of current surgical treatment].

The clinical and radiological manifestations of suboccipital tuberculosis have been analyzed in 7 patients aged 7 to 35 years. A case of this condition accompanied by extensive vertebral destruction, abscesses, and basilar impression is described in a 7.5-year-old child.

[Osteoarticular tuberculosis of the bones and joints in children: the present situation and prognosis].

In 1990-2005, a total of 855 children aged 4 months to 17 years were operated on for tuberculous lesions of bones and joints in a specialized department for surgery of childhood osteoarticular tuberculosis, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiological Care. Changes in the course of the disease, its structure, and epidemiological features are analyzed. The lines to determine the urgency of the problem of osteoarticular tuberculosis in children within the next few years are given.

[BCG ostitis in children: the epidemiological parameters of some regions of the Russian Federation].

The incidence of BCG ostitis was studied by the data of questionnaires sent from 36 areas of the Russian Federation (RF). Particular emphasis is laid on 15 northwestern RF regions where an indepth study dealing with the 2000-2004 detection rates of postvaccination osseous complications was conducted. The mean incidence rate was 6.

[Prediction of orthopedic sequels of operated tuberculous ostitis in children].

Thirteen of 84 children with tuberculous ostitis of the proximal tibial portion were repeatedly operated on 1.5 to 12 years after radical reconstructive surgery due to developed orthopedic sequels. Deformities of the tibia were found to develop in the earliest period and tibial shortening formed significantly later.

[The specific features of surgical spinal stabilization in children with tuberculous spondylitis complicated by severe kyphosis].

Procedures for anterior spine fusion and posterior instrumental spinal fixation have been developed for the surgical treatment of childhood tuberculous spondylitis complicated by severe kyphotic deformity. The optimum method of the instrumental fixation is the use of multisupport constructions with the heterodirectional action of corrective efforts (in 15 children). Anterior osteoplastic stabilization of the vertebral column, by applying brace cortical grafts with saddle-shaped hollows on the tips of its ventral projection, was applied in 6 children.